1. BENEFICENCE “BENE” + “FACERE” = DO GOOD
“NON” + “MALUM” + “FACERE” = DO NOT HARM
SEEKING THE GOOD FOR OTHERS AND AVOIDING HARM TO THEM.

2. PRINCIPLE OF BENEFICENCE [RELATED TO BENEVOLENCE]
ONE SHOULD RENDER POSITIVE ASSISTANCE TO OTHERS [AND ABSTAIN FROM HARM] (MINIMALIST PRINCIPLE OF NONMALEFICENCE) BY HELPING THEM TO ACHIEVE BENEFITS WHICH WILL FURTHER THEIR IMPORTANT AND LEGITIMATE INTERESTS
HARM PRINCIPLE AS A FORM OF BENEFICENCE
PREVENT AN INDIVIDUAL FROM HARMING ANOTHER

3. UTILITARIAN ROOTS DETERMINING THE GOOD (BENEFIT)
DETERMINING THE HARM (BURDEN)
WEIGHING THE BENEFITS AND BURDENS)
ETHICAL REFLECTION
DIALOGUE

4. ADJUSTMENTS TO BENEFICENCE
CONSUMERS’ OR FOLLOWERS’ VALUES AND PRIORITIES
CONSUMERS’ OR FOLLOWERS’ EXERCISE OF AUTONOMY
NO BENEFIT FROM THE PRODUCT
DISPROPORTIONAL BURDENS vs. BENEFITS
EXPLOITATION
LIMITATIONS ON RESOURCES