1. LDV Real Driving Emissions: - Drafting of physical PEMS protocol –
Summary of feedback on version 1 –
Open Points and Next Steps –
Brussels – 31st of March 2014
Pierre Bonnel - European Commission DG - Joint Research Centre (JRC) - IET - Institute for Energy and Transport

2. Overview Appendices to the “RDE Annex”
No administrative element, general boundary conditions or objective setting
Contents of the Appendix:
What to measure?
How to conduct the measurements?
Which instruments to use for gaseous emissions?
(Next) How to analyze the data?
(Next) Which instruments to use for PN emissions?

3. What’s outside? Safety (road and work)
=> Not part of such documents
Description of the data evaluation methods: to be added
=> In version 2 by end of April 2014 (tentative)
Amendment of Appendix 1 for hybrid vehicles
Amendment of Appendices 1 and 3 for particulate number emissions
=> September to September 2015 (tentative), in the meantime, placeholders in the text

4. General Structure Section Contents RDE Annex General requirements
Vehicle sampling
Temperature and altitude boundary conditions
Selection and requirements for test routes
Appendix 1
Test procedure for vehicle emissions testing with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS )
Appendix 2
Determination of Emissions and Conformity Factors
Appendix 3
Equipment specification and verification
Appendix 4
In-situ calibration of equivalent equipment

5. Main references for drafting
Within the useful light-duty vehicles regulatory texts, nothing properly addresses the measurement of modal emissions
Best available references: heavy-duty PEMS protocol (582/2011) and corresponding sections of UNECE regulation 49.
Supporting documents: PEMS testing guidance documents of the EU RDE working group

6. Main direction
Measurement performance of portable equipment in line with the laboratory equipment used for type approval
“Baseline” PEMS (Established measurement performance and techniques within a temperature range)
“Alternatives” to the baseline to simplify installation and testing (e.g. exhaust flow measurements, use of ECU data,…) => Verification, calibration procedures needed

7. Main Comments on Version 1
Topic: General requirements – Comments from ACEA
Proposal to remove THC and CO measurements (THC: safety issue with on-board PEMS FID – CO: not an air quality concern)
JRC Comment: Part of the general requirements, regulators decision (except for THC until a proper and safe technical solution is found)
Definition of cold start
JRC Comments:
Suggested parameter is engine coolant temperature
Availability and accuracy of engine coolant temperature from ECU to be checked, maximum cold start duration to be agreed upon

8. Main Comments on Version 1
Topic: Measurement simplification – Various comments from ACEA, AVL, Horiba, Sensors
Alternative methods for exhaust flow measurements
JRC Comments:
Baseline: direct measurement, exhaust flow meter
Alternative 1. Calculated exhaust flow using (intake air flow) or (fuel flow)
Alternative 2. On the tailpipe Pitot devices
Requires the development of in-situ calibration/audit procedures, comparing the alternative devices to reference instruments under normal operation, (could be conducted during the Type 1 test for instance)
Requires the development of additional sampling requirements

9. Main Comments and Questions on V1 (2)
Topic: Equipment installation – Comment from AVL
Rules and recommendations for the installation of exhaust flow meters?
JRC Comments:
To be developed, in a generic manner
The rules shall enforce correct sampling and/or exhaust flow measurements, including the case of dual exhaust

10. Main Comments and Questions on V1 (2)
Topic: Equipment specification - Various comments from ACEA, AVL, Horiba, Sensors
Specifications for ECU data loggers: which protocols ?
JRC Comment:
Should be developed by automotive industry, to ensure that some parameters a publically available for independent testing and exhibit a sufficient quality (accuracy, broadcast rate, etc...)

11. Main Comments and Questions on V1 (3)
Topic: Equipment verification
(ACEA) Proposal to verify the entire PEMS system against the CVS results
JRC Comment: To be clarified with ACEA experts. In JRC’s opinion, this shall not apply to an entire baseline PEMS system, but only to the verification of alternative measurement techniques (for exhaust flow or PN)
(ACEA) Proposal to remove cyclic PEMS checks during the tests
(ACEA) Proposal to remove of drift corrections

12. Urgent decisions to be made
Pollutants: CO excluded?
Drift corrections allowed?
Definition of cold start

13. Main Homework
In-situ calibration of ECU signals and/or measurement devices not part of the ‘baseline PEMS equipment’
Against references, which ones?
Statistical treatment?
Application of the above to non-direct exhaust flow measurement principles addressing: Sampling?

14. Next Steps “Non-controversial” observations will be implemented
Definition of “baseline PEMS testing”
Robust proposals for alternative devices (not part of the “baseline PEMS”): measurement performance and verification rules
First text for the data evaluation methods (JRC: Moving Window, TUG: CLEAR)

15. Many thanks for your attention !!!
For further information, please contact:
Pierre Bonnel – EC JRC –