1. Lincoln’s Speeches Second Inaugural Address page 279-280
Emancipation Proclamation (handout)

2. Second Inaugural Address
Paragraph 1: Purpose/ Audience Expectations
Line 7-8 “little that is new could be presented” in regards to the details of the war, therby letting his audience know that he will not give further details
Line 11 – Says he will not venture a prediction about the war’s conclusion.
Letting his audience know that perhaps contrary to their expectations, his purpose is NOT to give an update on the progress of the war.

3. Second Inaugural Address
Paragraph 2: PREMISE
Premise = general principle that most people will take as a given, or will agree with
Lines 33-34: Those in the North and those in the South share the same basic values and desires, they have similar religious views

4. Second Inaugural Address
Paragraph 3: Inferred PURPOSE
Lincoln does not state his purpose directly, but it can be inferred from the call to action at the end of his speech.
Call to action = Let’s finish the war and then work to put it behind us by caring for everyone, no matter what side they fought for.
The purpose of the speech was to strengthen the resolve of the people to see the war through to its end and convince them to reconcile with the rebels.

5. Second Inaugural Address
Claim
 Lincoln wants a peaceful reconciliation of the war, regardless of what side you fought on.     
Reasons
No one wanted the war
We all share similar values
God’s will is to absolve slavery
Evidence
1. “the war came” (line 20)
2. “all dreaded it – all sought to aver it” (line 13-14)
3. “the judgements of the Lord are true and righteous altogether” (line 54-55)
Premise
 1. “all dreaded it – all sought to aver it” (line 13-14) No one wanted this war.
2. “both parties deprecated the war” (line 18) both sides disapproved of the war  
3. “neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained” (line 29) no one expected it to last so long or cost so much

6. The Emancipation Proclamation
Claim
The Emancipation Proclamation is a necessary measure
Reasons
There are states and part of states that are in rebellion
Rebel states are not represented in Congress.
Lincoln is empowered as Commander-in-Chief to suppress the rebellion.
Evidence
“within any State or designated part of a State, the people wereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States” (line 6-8)
“actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States”
“necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion” (line 25-26)
Premise
Assumes that citizens want to see an end of the rebellion.

7. BR –
1. Get copy of Collections book and take out notes on Lincoln.
2. Pick up handout in front of room. This will go in the MLA section of your notebook, so please update TOC.
Date
Assignment
Page
1/19/2017
Elaborative Techniques 1

8. CW: 2 Elaborated Paragraphs Evaluating Lincoln’s speech
Paragraph 1: Evaluate one strength of one of Lincoln’s speeches. So choose 1 speech, and 1 claim or, 1 reason, or 1 premise, or 1 piece of evidence that you think is strong and explain why you made this decision.
We will write the first one together as a model. You will do the second one on your own.
Paragraph 2: Evaluate one weakness of one of Lincoln’s speeches. So choose 1 speech, and 1 reason, or 1 premise, or 1 piece of evidence that you think is weak and explain why you made this decision.

9. Reminders for awesome elaborated paragraphs:
Main idea = topic or subject + the point (claim)
cited and well-incorporated evidence from the text
interpretation or explanation of how the evidence supports the point
internal and external transition as necessary
wrap-up sentence

10. Strength example:
In Lincoln’s “Second Inaugural Address” he supports his claim that we need a peaceful reconciling for everyone after the war, with the reason that no one wanted the war in the first place, this is his strongest piece of evidence. In his speech he claims that “all dreaded [the war] – all sought to aver it” (Lincoln 279) illustrating the strong dislike he believed all citizens to have.
Now how to elaborate that point, without just restating the quote?

11. What is elaboration? Summary Paraphrasing Restating Repetition
What it’s not:
What it is:
Summary
Paraphrasing
Restating
Repetition
Giving your own opinion/ adding your own thinking
Evaluating or analyzing
Providing new insights
Expanding on the idea

12. Elaborative Technique
Examples
Compare/contrast  
Cause and/or Effect
Consequence or Significance 
 Real world examples, facts 
Definition (Denotation)/Connotation  
Description, illustration 
Logic, reasoning

13. Criteria for Evaluating Argument
Validity of reasons
Relevancy or sufficiency of evidence
Credibility of sources

14. Expected Elaborative Technique for Argument
Examples
Evaluation: Pointing out strengths and limitations of the
Validity of the reasoning
Relevancy and sufficiency of the evidence
Credibility of the source