1. Long-term detection of seasonal influenza RNA in faeces and intestine
R. Hirose, T. Daidoji, Y. Naito, Y. Watanabe, Y. Arai, T. Oda, H. Konishi, M. Yamawaki, Y. Itoh, T. Nakaya 
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 
Volume 22, Issue 9, Pages 813.e1-813.e7 (September 2016)
DOI: /j.cmi
Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
(a) Thirty-three-year-old man infected with influenza A virus. (b) Fifty-two-year-old woman infected with influenza B virus. Observation period was 35 days, and sputum and faecal samples were collected 11 times (days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 24 and 35). Horizontal axis represents virus genome copy number (left, bars) in samples (sputum, light blue; faeces, dark blue) and body temperature (right, red line). Graphics below graph depict course of symptoms and virus RNA copy number. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of more than three independent experiments (error bars represent SD).
Clinical Microbiology and Infection  , 813.e1-813.e7DOI: ( /j.cmi )
Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Patient who developed enteritis 15 days after infection by influenza virus (IAV). (a) Colonoscopy revealed that mucosa lining ascending colon, right transverse colon, descending colon and rectum was normal. Linear redness was observed in some parts of left transverse colon; therefore, biopsy (biopsy 1) was performed at site of mucosal inflammation (white arrow). Linear redness and mild erosion were observed in some parts of mucosa lining sigmoid colon; therefore, another biopsy (biopsy 2) was performed (black arrow). Inflammation was worse in sigmoid colon than in transverse colon. (b) Presence or absence of virus RNA in tissue was determined by qRT-PCR. While tissue taken from transverse colon (biopsy 1) was negative, tissue taken from sigmoid colon (biopsy 2) was positive. (c) Presence of virus mRNA in tissue was determined by qRT-PCR. Virus mRNA was detected in biopsy 2. (d) Tissue from transverse colon (biopsy 1) was stained with isotype control antibody and monoclonal antibody against IAV nucleoprotein. HE staining was also performed. (e) Tissue from sigmoid colon (biopsy 2) was stained with isotype control antibody and monoclonal antibody against IAV nucleoprotein. Multiple positive cells were observed in mucosal epithelium (red arrow). HE staining was also performed. HE, haematoxylin and eosin; IAV, human influenza A virus; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection  , 813.e1-813.e7DOI: ( /j.cmi )
Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

4. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2016 22, 813. e1-813. e7DOI: (10
Clinical Microbiology and Infection  , 813.e1-813.e7DOI: ( /j.cmi )
Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions