1. Test Grades 90 and up = A 89-80 = B 79-70 = C 69-60= D
59 and below… not so good

3. Attention US Citizens!
The aggressive and foolish policies of your government will no longer be tolerated! Your country has been conquered by the great republic of Canada! This is for your own good!
From this day forward your country will be part of ours, eh. Your military has been destroyed. You are helpless. Submit and recognize Canadian control of your country! You will enjoy all the benefits of Canadian citizenship: free health coverage, cheap public transportation, a clean environment, quality public schools, top quality ice hockey, and all the maple syrup you want.
If you attempt to resist us, we will destroy you. Have a nice day, eh.

4. Assimilation
To absorb into the cultural tradition of a population or group.
To become a part of something

5. Empires Large, multi-national states
Many types of people living under one government
Rome
Han China

6. From Republic to Empire
Ancient Rome
From Republic to Empire

7. The Roman Republic (pt. 1)
Two classes of citizens
Upper class- Patricians
Lower class- Plebeians
Constitution- “12 Tables”

8. The Roman Republic (pt. 2)
Consuls (Monarchy)
Command army
Enforce laws
Senate (Aristocracy)
Make laws
Control taxes
Assemblies (Democracy)
Tribunes- veto unfair laws
Dictator- emergencies only!
Checks and balances

9. Self-Defense creates an empire
Punic Wars vs. Carthage
Rome dominates the Mediterranean
Land, plunder, and slaves

10. The rich get richer, the poor…
Wealthy use slaves to make more money
Working class lose jobs to slaves
Poor citizens depend on hand-outs from rich politicians
“Bread and circuses”

11. Rich vs. Poor Gracchus brothers argue for reform (change) Assassinated
Take from rich, give to poor
Assassinated
Gaius Marius- hires unemployed as soldiers
Pays troops with loot
Uses troops to gain power

12. A new type of politics Political violence becomes common
Politicians use private armies for support
Conquer new territory to get wealth for troops and “gifts” for the poor

13. Gaius Julius Caesar Successful general “Stood up” for poor
Sole leader by 46 BC
Killed in 44 BC

14. Caesar Augustus (Octavian)
Julius’ adopted son
Won civil wars
“First Citizen”
Unofficial monarchy

15. Pax Romana Golden Age 27 BC until AD 180 Empire expands Assimilation
Succession problem