1. Climate Change and Ozone Loss
G. Tyler Miller’s
Living in the Environment
14th Edition
Chapter 21

2. Key Concepts Changes in Earth’s climate over time
Factors affecting climate
Possible effects of global warming
Adapting to climate change
Human impacts on the ozone layer
Protecting and restoring the ozone layer

3. Past Climate Changes Past global temperatures
Recent trends in global temperatures
Fig p. 463

4. The Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases (Refer to Table 21-1 p. 464)
Fig p. 110

5. Climate Change and Human Activities
Increased use of fossil fuels
Deforestation
Global warming
Melting icecaps and glaciers
Rising sea level

6. Projecting Future Changes in Earth’s Climate
Climate models
Apparent influence of human activities
Could be natural changes

7. Factors Affecting the Earth’s Temperature
Changes in solar output
Changes in Earth’s albedo
Moderating effect of oceans
Clouds and water vapor
Air pollution

8. Some Possible Effects of a Warmer World
Fig p. 475

9. Possible Benefits from a Warmer Atmosphere
Less severe winters
More precipitation in some dry areas
Less precipitation in some wet areas
Increased food production in some areas
Expanded population and ranges of some species
Refer to Fig p. 476

10. Solutions: Dealing with the Threat of Climate Change
Options
Do nothing
Do more research
Act now to reduce risks
Precautionary principle
Fig p. 479

11. Removing CO2 from the Atmosphere
Fig p. 480

12. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Kyoto Treaty (1997)
U.S. withdraws from Kyoto Treaty (2001)
Other reductions in CO2
Refer to Fig p. 483

13. Loss of the Ozone Layer: Reasons for Concern
Increased incidence and severity of sunburn
Increase in eye cataracts
Increased incidence of skin cancer
Immune system suppression
Refer to
Fig p. 486
Increase in acid deposition
Lower crop yields and decline in productivity

14. Ozone Depleting Chemicals
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Halons
Methyl bromide
Carbon tetrachloride
Methyl chloroform
Hydrogen chloride

15. Former Uses of CFCs Air Conditioners Refrigerators Spray cans
Cleaners for electronic parts
Sterilizing medical instruments
Fumigants for granaries and cargo ships

16. Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
Fig p. 484

17. Seasonal Ozone Layer Thinning at the Poles
Ozone thinning (hole)
Polar vortex

18. Skin Cancers
Fig p. 487

19. Solutions: Protecting the Ozone Layer
CFC substitutes
Montreal Protocol
Copenhagen Protocol
Fig p. 489