1. DNA double strand breaks in human spermatozoa can be predictive for assisted reproductive outcome 
Andrea Garolla, Ilaria Cosci, Alessandro Bertoldo, Barbara Sartini, Erbeha Boudjema, Carlo Foresta 
Reproductive BioMedicine Online 
Volume 31, Issue 1, Pages (July 2015)
DOI: /j.rbmo
Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Inclusion and exclusion criteria used for the 61 proven fertile controls, 100 infertile patients and female partners and flowchart diagram of the study.
Reproductive BioMedicine Online  , DOI: ( /j.rbmo )
Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Examples of tests evaluating the DNA status of sperm cells from patients and controls. (a–f) Chromatin tests were carried out by fluorescent microscopy; (g–h) direct tests were carried out by cytofluorimetric analysis; (a and d) aniline blue test evaluating respectively normal and altered protamination; (b and e) decondensation test evaluating respectively normal and altered DNA condensation; (c and f) acridine orange test evaluating respectively normal and altered DNA heterogeneity; (g) TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling test (TUNEL) test evaluating DNA fragmentation caused by single strand breaks and double strand breaks in fertile controls and patients; (h) γH2AX analysis evaluating DNA fragmentation caused by double strand breaks. Mean TUNEL and γH2AX percentages observed in fertile control participants and infertile patients are reported in the legend together with negative controls.
Reproductive BioMedicine Online  , DOI: ( /j.rbmo )
Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions