1. Structural Classification of the Nervous System
1. Central nervous system (CNS)
2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Cranial and spinal nerves

2. Classification of Neurons based on Function
1. Sensory (afferent) neurons (PNS)
Special Sense
Cutaneous sense organs
Proprioceptors –
2. Association neurons (interneurons)
CNS
3. Motor (efferent) neurons (PNS)

3. Neuron Classification
Figure 7.6

4. Functions of Peripheral Nervous System (3 slides)
Figure 7.1

5. Peripheral Nervous System
Motor (efferent) division
Two subdivisions - Somatic nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system- 2 subdivisions
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Figure 7.1

6. Organization of the Nervous System
Figure 7.2

7. Compare/Contrast Motor Divisions
SOMATIC NS
AUTONOMIC NS
2 branches – sympathetic and parasympathetic
Uses acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine

8. Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
Figure 7.24

9. Autonomic NS Branches Parasympathetic-
Remember as the “D” division - digestion, defecation, and diuresis
Sympathetic –
Remember as the “E” division = extreme exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment
** Both systems work in conjunction with one another to maintain homeostasis**

11. Quick Write
Create a concept map showing the different branches of the nervous system and what they do

12. Types of Supporting Cells
Neuroglia – Nerve Glue (supporting cells)
AKA – glial cells
Types
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells and Satellite Cells (PNS)

13. Astrocytes CNS: Support Cells Microglia Spider-like phagocytes
Figure 7.3a

14. CNS: Support Cells Ependymal cells Oligodendrocytes
Produce myelin sheath around neurons
Figure 7.3b–c

15. PNS: Support Cells (2 major types)
1. Satellite cells
2. Schwann cells
Figure 7.3e

16. Quick Write Name 4 functions of the neuroglia in the nervous system:

17. Nervous Tissue: Neurons
Neurons = nerve cells
Function:

18. Neuron Anatomy
Cell body
Nissl substance
Nucleus –
Figure 7.4a

19. Neuron Anatomy Processes - Dendrites – Axons – Axonal Terminals –
Figure 7.4a

20. Axons and Nerve Impulses
Axons (cont’d)
Synaptic cleft
Synapse

21. Nerve Fiber Coverings Schwann cells – ? Oligodendrocytes - ?
Nodes of Ranvier –
Figure 7.5

22. Label a neuron

23. Review: Synaptic Cleft
Video : Review “Creation and Propagation of a Nerve Impulse”
How the brain works: beatboxing cockroach

24. B NOTES

25. Vocab:CNS CNS – contains mostly cell bodies Gray matter – Tracts -
White matter –

26. 4 Main Regions of the Brain
1. Cerebral hemispheres
2. Diencephalon
3. Brain stem
4. Cerebellum
Brain song
Figure 7.12b

27. Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum)
Gyri (pl) –
Sulci (pl) –
Fissures –
Figure 7.13a

28. Lobes of the Cerebrum Lobes of the cerebrum Frontal lobe Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Insula
Insula

29. Layers of the Cerebrum 3 slides
Cerebral cortex (Gray matter)
Figure 7.13a

30. Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum
Speech, memory, consciousness, emotional and logical response, voluntary movement, interpretation of sensation
Figure 7.13c

31. Cerebral Cortices Notes

33. Layers of the Cerebrum games
Cerebral White matter
Ex: corpus callosum connects hemispheres
Figure 7.13a

34. Layers of the Cerebrum
Basal nuclei (basal ganglia) – internal islands of gray matter
Figure 7.13a

35. Diencephalon – “interbrain”
Made of three parts
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

36. Diencephalon: Thalamus

37. Diencephalon: Hypothalamus
Important autonomic n.s. center
part of the limbic system
Mammillary bodies (smell) hang off of hypothalamus

38. Diencephalon: Epithalamus
Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland-sleep/wake cycles)

39. Review location/function on diencephalon
Figure 7.15a

40. Brain Stem
Parts of the brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

41. Midbrain Mostly tracts of nerve fibers Cerebral peduncles-
ascend and descend impulses
Corpora quadrigemina -

42. Pons (“bridge”)
Below midbrain

43. Medulla Oblongata
Contains vital visceral? control centers

44. Review location/functions of 3 parts of brainstem

45. Reticular formation – gray matter running length of brain stem
RAV – reticular activating system

46. Cerebellum
balance and equilibrium

47. Protection of the Central Nervous System
Brain review: mnemonic device
Figure 7.16a

48. Meninges – 3 layers Dura mater – “tough or hard mother”
Periosteum –
Meningeal layer –
Arachnoid layer
Arachnoid villi –
Pia mater (deepest)

49. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Similar to blood plasma
Formed by the choroid plexus? (epithalamus)
Hydrocephalus –
Corrected by shunts

51. Blood Brain Barrier
Composed of the least permeable capillaries of the body
Useless against some substances
Glucose and water
Fats and fat soluble molecules
Respiratory gases
Alcohol
Nicotine
Anesthesia

52. Traumatic Brain Injuries
Concussion
Contusion
Nervous tissue destruction occurs
(stem cells?)
Cerebral edema

53. Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Stroke – 3rd leading cause of death
TIA (transient ischemic attack) – “mini stroke”
80% of strokes are preventable

54. Alzheimer’s Disease Structural changes in the brain
include abnormal protein deposits (beta amyloid)
shortage of Ach
twisted fibers within neurons (due to Tau (protein) malfunction)
Symptoms:

56. Development Aspects of the Nervous System
Fetal Development
Child/Young Adult Development
Elderly