1. Exploring Emerging Treatments for Hyperkalemia

2. Potassium Physiology

3. Definitions of Hyperkalemia Vary

4. Major Causes of Hyperkalemia

5. Prevalence of Hyperkalemia

6. Increasing Incidence of Hyperkalemia

7. Relationship Between Potassium Level and Patient Outcome

8. Benefit/Risk of RAAS Inhibitors

9. What We Know About RAAS Inhibitor Therapy in HF rEF, pEF, and Post-MI

10. Guidelines Recommendation for Stage C HFrEF

11. ATLAS Effects of Low- vs High-Dose Lisinopril on Morbidity and Morality in Chronic HF

12. HEAAL Study Clinical Outcomes of High- vs Low-Dose Losartan in Patients With HF

13. RAAS Inhibitor Doses and Mortality

14. Spironolactone Causes Hyperkalemia in a Dose-Dependent Fashion

15. Renal Function, Spironolactone, and Hyperkalemia in HF

16. Hyperkalemia Continues to Be an Issue in HF PARADIGM-HF

17. Spironolactone Prescriptions and Hospital Admissions for Hyperkalemia Increased After RALES

18. ACCF/AHA Guidance on Serum Potassium Monitoring in Patients With HF Who Are Taking a RAAS Inhibitor

19. Frequency of Potassium Monitoring After Initiation of MRAs in Patients With HF

20. Higher Incidence of Hyperkalemia With MRAs in the Real World

21. Real-World RAAS Inhibitor Use

22. Nearly Half of Patients on Maximum Dose of RAAS Inhibitor Had Down-Titrated or Discontinued RAAS Inhibitor Therapy After a Hyperkalemia Event

23. MRA-Eligible Patients With HF Are Undertreated Get With the Guidelines-HF Registry

24. Challenge of Balancing RAAS Inhibitor Use and Potassium Level

25. Challenges of Hyperkalemia in At-Risk Patients

26. Treatment Options for Hyperkalemia No Effective Long-Term Option

27. Chronic Management of Hyperkalemia Before Era of New Potassium Binders

28. SPS

29. SPS With Sorbitol May Be Associated With Colonic Necrosis

30. Patiromer Structure

31. Main Studies Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Patiromer

32. OPAL-HK Phase 3 Study in Patients With CKD on RAAS Inhibitor With Hyperkalemia

33. OPAL-HK, Phase 3 Part A Met Primary and Secondary Efficacy Endpoints -- Statistically Significant Results

34. OPAL-HK Phase 3, Part B Exploratory Endpoints -- Statistically Significant Results

35. OPAL-HK, Phase 3 Part A and B AE Profile

36. Serum Potassium Levels Over 52 Weeks and During Post-Treatment Follow-Up

37. PEARL-HF Study Design

38. PEARL-HF Study With Patiromer

39. PEARL-HF Proportion of Subjects Able to Increase Spironolactone Dose to 50 mg/day

40. ZS-9 Structure

41. ZS-9 Clinical Development Programme

42. ZS-9 HARMONIZE

43. ZS003 and HARMONIZE Pooled Analyses Patients With Potassium Level > 6 mEq/L

44. Phase 3 HARMONIZE Study (ZS-004)

45. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Study of ZS-9 (ZS-005)

46. Take-Home Messages

47. Abbreviations

48. Abbreviations (cont)