1. Childhood

2. Quick quiz
What percentage of UK children aged 2 to 15 are overweight or obese? Results from 2014 show that 31.2% of children aged 2 to 15 were classed as either overweight or obese.

3. Quick quiz
Q2: How many adult and children are bought and sold worldwide into sexual servitude
About 2 million children are exploited every year in the global commercial sex trade

4. Quick quiz
Q3: How many TV adverts does the average American child watch per year?
Children are a captive audience: The average American child watches an estimate between 25,000 to 40,000 television commercials per year. In the UK, it is about 10,000

5. Quick quiz
Q4: How much money do companies spend on children’s advertising very year?
$15-17 billion is spent by companies advertising to children in the US. Over $4 billion was spent in 2009 by the fast food industry alone

6. Quick quiz
Q5: How much do American teens spend on consumer items every year?
Teens in the US spend around $160 billion a year

7. What do these statistics tell us about childhood?

8. Has childhood always been the same?
A historical view
Has childhood always been the same?

12. In the past, childhood was shorter
This shows us that it is a social construct

13. Is childhood always been the same in every society?
A cultural view
Is childhood always been the same in every society?

18. Social construction of childhood

19. Task
Write a short paragraph about the social construction of childhood, including examples to support your points You may be selected to read out your work!

20. Social construction of childhood
The idea that childhood is not natural but made by a particular society or culture. For example, childhood lasts different amounts of time in different places and times. Today, children stay in education until 18 but in the past they could leave school as early as 11. Also, in some cultures children are expected to work from a young age.

21. Changing parent-child relationships
Each table will be given an image to represent a change in parent-child relationships Discuss the image on your table…what does this show?

22. Which image links to the terms “discipline” and “authority”?
Which image links to “quality over quantity” and “child centred”?
Which image links to “financial cost” and “dependent”?
Which image links to “decision making” and children “having a voice”?
Which image links to “pester power” and “children as consumers”?

28. WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF CHILDHOOD IN THE UK TODAY?

29. WHAT ARE THE POSITIVE ASPECTS OF CHILDHOOD IN THE UK TODAY?

30. Plenary
Write a paragraph explaining changes to childhood over the past 50 years
Include the following words:
Less authoritarian
Child centred
Fewer children
Rights/laws
Decision making
Cost
Children as consumers

31. Starter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01xYdGsisf8
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What does this video suggest about experiences of childhood?

32. Exam question
Describe one way in which relations between parents and children have changed in the last 30 years or so and explain why this change has happened. (5 marks)