1. Biochemistry
LIFE
Chemistry
The of

2. Organic vs. Inorganic
Is this what we are talking about??

3. What are we talking about?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins

4. Organic vs. Inorganic Organic: with Carbon AND Hydrogen
Inorganic: without Carbon AND Hydrogen
Quiz

5. = GIANT Molecules Macromolecules monomers polymers
Formed by the process of polymerization
Making large compounds from smaller ones
POLY….WHAT?
monomers
The small compounds are called:
polymers
The large compounds formed from polymerization are called:

6. The four groups of organic compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
The four groups of organic compounds
Nucleic Acids
Proteins

7. Let’s begin with Energy! CARBOHYDRATES MAIN structural purposes
Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms: ratio of 1:2:1
Used by living things as their source of
Plants and some animals use carbohydrates for
MAIN
Energy!
structural purposes

8. Carbohydrates
Glucose molecule
monomer
Starch
= POLYMER

9. Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
all have the formula C6 H12 O6
all have a single ring structure
(glucose is an example)

10. Disaccharides (double sugars)
all have the formula C12 H22 O11
sucrose (table sugar) is an example
Lactose (sugar in milk)

11. Polysaccharides Formed of three or more simple sugar units
Glycogen - animal starch stored in liver & muscles
Cellulose - indigestible in humans - forms cell walls
Starches - used as energy storage

12. Single Sugar Molecules are also called:
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
1 sugar molecule
Polysaccharides
Large macromolecule of monosaccharides
glycogen
glucose
fructose
plant starch
galactose
cellulose

13. Four Groups of Organic Compounds in Living Things
Biological Molecule
Common Name
Elements Present
Uses by Living Things
Monomer & Polymer
Example
Carbohydrates
Monomer:
Polymer:
Lipids
N/A
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

14. And, don't forget the STEROIDS
Lipids
Or, shall I say...
FATS
Waxes
OILS
And, don't forget the STEROIDS

15. What do you Think??? most are not Soluble in Water??
Fats are found mostly in…
Oils and Waxes are found mostly in…
most are not

16. Function of Lipids Store energy Protection Insulation
Chemical Messengers

17. The fatty acids contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
Glycerol
There is at least 1 carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid

18. Saturated Fats (lipids)
Saturated fats are commonly found in dairy products…milk and cheese
Solid at room temperature
Classified as fats in animals
Another example: cholesterol

19. Unsaturated Lipids Liquid at room temperature
Classified as oil in plants
Example: vegetable oil, olive oil…

20. So, now we're talkin'....
Nucleic Acids

21. Nucleic Acids nucleic acid nucleotide
Macromolecules that contain: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus
The polymer, is formed from the monomer known as a .
nucleic acid
nucleotide
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group
5- carbon sugar

22. So, what's the purpose of Nucleic Acids?
Storing and transmitting hereditary (genetic information)
Can you tongue roll?
Guess what! Tongue rolling is genetic and determined by your DNA!!!!

23. Last, but not least ..... amino acid PROTEINS PROTEIN
Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
amino acid
Monomer =
PROTEINS
PROTEIN
Polymer =

24. Amino Acids…the monomer of Proteins

25. The Function of Proteins…
Control the rate of reactions…ENZYMES!!
Regulate cell processes
Form bones and muscles
Transport substances into or out of cells
Help fight disease