2. General Definition
Membrane Processes include a broad range of seperation processes from filtration to ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis.
A semi-permeable membrane is a VERY THIN film that allows some types of matter to pass through while leaving others behind.

4. Types of Membrane processes
Microfiltration (MF)
Ultrafiltration (UF)
Nanofiltration (NF)
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Dialysis / Electrodialysis (ED)

5. Examples for Applications of Membrane Processes
Desalting seawater
Holding back seawater intrusion
Treating brackish groundwater
Water softening
Wastewater recovery
Removing color, odor, and other organic contaminants

8. Process Configuration - General
Influent to the membrane module: Feed water / feed stream
Liquid that passes through the semi-permeable membrane: permeate / product stream / permeating stream
Product
Semi-permeable membrane
Feed
Concentrate
Liquid containing the retained constituents: Concentrate / retentate / reject / retained phase / waste stream

11. TMP: TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSURE: The pressure that is needed to press water through a membrane is called Trans Membrane Pressure (TMP).

20.  Dalton (symbol: Da) is the standard unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale (atomic mass) has a value of  (73)×10−27 kg

23. ELECTRO DIALYSIS
Electro dialysis is an electrochemical charge driven separation process whereby dissolved ions are separated through ion permeable membranes under the influence of an electrical potential created by an anode and a cathode. Ion permeable membranes consist of anion and cation exchange membranes arranged in an alternating mode between the anode and the cathode. The membranes allow opposite charged ions to pass through but reject similar charged ions.
This results in an alternating enriched ions in concentrated compartments and depleted ions in the diluted compartments.

30. Pleated Cartridge type Filter