1. First Aid Day V Objectives
The student will be able to assess and respond to an Eye Injury
The student will be able to assess and respond to Nose Injuries
The student will be able to assess and respond to Dental Injuries
The student will be able to assess and respond to an Chest, Abdominal, and Pelvic Injuries
The student will be able to assess and respond to an Bone, Joint , and Muscle Injury
The student will be able to understand and apply the basic concepts of Splinting
The student will be able to assess and respond to Cramping
The student will be able to define and apply the R.I.C.E principle
SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

2. Bell Ringer #5 Complex Break
Scenario #5
Adam is walking through the woods and trips over a tree root sticking out of the ground.  He immediately begins screaming for help because his shin bone is poking through the skin, and he is bleeding profusely.  What can you do to help Adam?
Please  describe your actions. What steps would you take to ensure Adam’s safety?

3. Eye Injuries (COPY) Assess: Respond Open or Closed Impaled object
Blows to the eye
Foreign bodies
Respond
Stabilize objects impaled in eye cavity and loosely cover open wounds
Cool area: apply ice to closed wounds
Monitor and Care: flush chemicals from eyes with warm water

4. Nose Injuries (COPY) Assess Bleeding from one or both nostrils
Bleeding into the back of the mouth and down throat
Deformity
Respond
Control bleeding: seat victim and tilt head slightly forward
Pinch nostrils together or let drain (place head btw knees)
Apply ice over the nose

5. Dental Injuries (COPY)
Assess
Bleeding gums
Missing or broken teeth
Respond
Control bleeding
Rinse mouth and place rolled gauze in mouth
Monitor and Care
Replace missing tooth in socket, or
Keep tooth moist (in milk)
Transport tooth and victim to dental professional

6. CHEST, ABDOMINAL, AND PELVIC INJURIES
Overview: Can be life-threatening because they may involve damage to crucial organs or areas of the body
Sucking chest wound
Broken ribs
Blows to the abdomen
Protruding organs
Pelvic injuries

7. Assess: Sucking Chest Wounds (COPY)
Puncture into chest cavity
Air passes in and out of cavity

8. Respond: Sucking Chest Wound (COPY)
Victim should take a breath and let it out
1. Activate EMS
2. Bandage and Protect
Seal wound with plastic leaving 1 corner open
3. Monitor and Care: If breathing doesn’t improve
Remove plastic cover to let air escape
Reapply plastic cover

9. Broken Ribs (COPY) Assess Respond
Pain upon pressure or when the victim breathes, coughs, or moves
Bruising around injury
Respond
Stabilize injury with a pillow or other soft object
Help victim rest
Activate EMS

10. Blows to the Abdomen (COPY)
Assess: With fingertips
Pain, tenderness, muscle tightness
Bruising or bleeding
Respond
Place victim in a comfortable, resting position
Monitor symptoms
Seek advanced care if necessary

11. Protruding Organs (COPY)
Life-threatening
Do NOT attempt to re-insert organs
Position on back with the knees bent and raised
Do NOT give food or drink

12. Assess : Protruding Organs (COPY)
Organs visible through an open wound
Respond
1. Call EMS
2. Bandage and Support: gently cover exposed organs with moist, sterile dressings
3. Monitor and Care
Responsiveness
A, B, C’s
Shock

13. Pelvic Injuries Assess Respond Pain upon gentle pressure. Call EMS
Don’t apply pressure if already in pain
Respond
Call EMS
Don’t move victim
Stabilize injury by preventing the victim from moving

14. BONE, JOINT, AND MUSCLE INJURY (COPY)
Overview: Most frequent type of injuries
Bone Fracture
Sprains
Strains

15. Bones, Joints and Muscles
Skeletal and muscular system give body shape and provide form and stability
Bone and muscle connect to form interdependent segments to give the body movement capabilities

16. Bone Injuries (COPY) Closed (simple) No open wounds around the injury
Open (compound)
Show damaged or broken skin

17. Assess: Bone Injuries (COPY)
Pain
D-O-T-S (deformity, open wounds, tenderness, swelling)
May feel or hear grating or popping sound
Inability to use injured part
Bone visible from an open wound
Cause of injury may provide clues

18. Respond: Bone Injuries (COPY)
Control bleeding if it is an open fracture
Stabilize the injury to prevent from moving
If transporting, splint injury without adjusting position of the injury
Seek medical attention for diagnosis and treatment

19. Splinting (COPY) Check CSM’s before and after splinting
Splint should include joint or bone above or below
Use blankets, boards, and bandages, or an uninjured body part
Triangular bandage for sling
Types of splints
Soft
Anatomical
Rigid
Sling
CSM’s
Circulation
Sensation
Movement
Skin Signs

20. Joint and Muscle Injury (COPY)
Overexertion or impact to the body
Strain: muscles or tendons are stretched or torn
Sprain: ligaments are stretched or torn

21. Assess: Joint and Muscle Injury (COPY)
Bruising and swelling
Loss of function
Numbness or loss of feeling
Dislocation: joint separates and stays apart with the bone ends no longer in contact

22. Respond: Joint and Muscle Injury (COPY)
Cool (R.I.C.E)
Apply ice for 20 minutes, every 2-3 hours for the first 24 hours, then heat
Stabilize injury: wrap with elastic bandage, or splint, if necessary
Monitor and care: elevate injured part above level of heart for first 24 hours when possible

23. Muscle Cramps (COPY)
A muscle spasms and contracts uncontrollably

24. Assess: Muscle Cramp (COPY)
Sharp pain
Tenderness
Muscle tightness
Restricted movement
Victim grabbing muscle

25. Respond: Muscle Cramp (COPY)
Monitor and Care (RICE)
Gently stretch the affected area
Apply pressure
Apply ice
Drink lightly salted cool water or sports drink
Pinch the upper lip hard to reduce calf muscle cramping

26. R.I.C.E (COPY) Rest victim Ice injured part Compress injury
Elevate injury