1. Components of a Frame Relay Network

2. Lesson 4 - Agenda
Frame Relay network reference diagram and terminology
Frame Relay network components
Connecting the Internet Advisor

3. Lesson 4 - Objectives By the end of this lesson you will be able to:
Identify common Frame Relay network components and describe their purpose.
Define common terms used to describe Frame Relay networks.
Demonstrate how to connect the Internet Advisor to a network under test.

4. Frame Relay Network Reference Diagram
PVC
CPE
NET
PVC
UNI
PVC
PVC
NNI
CPE
NET
Interface Between CPE and NET
Current implementations of frame relay make use of permanent virtual circuits (PVC's), also known as permanent logical links (PLL)s to interconnect users. These PVC's connect the end user sites through shared rather than dedicated facilities. (The term "virtual circuit" is used to mean that a method other than a specific physical, electrical path is used to connect two points.)
This diagram will be helpful to define some of the key elements used in frame relay:
1). The user accesses the frame relay service through a local frame relay access device (FRAD) which supports the protocol and transfers and routes frames to and from the frame relay network.
2). A frame relay switch (FRS) provides the service access to the users. This frame relay switch is part of a frame relay network which provides a switching and transport backbone (which may or not be frame relay). The local FRS supports the local loop access to the frame relay service.
3). The FRAD is connected to the FRS through a defined User-to-Network Interface (UNI). The UNI consists of defined physical interfaces, the frame relay link layer protocol and in-channel signaling procedures. UNI specifications are governed by the national and international standardizing bodies and the Frame Relay Forum User-to-Network Interface Implementation Agreement FRF-1.
UNI
CPE = Customer Premise Equipment
NET = Frame Relay Network
PVC = Permanent Virtual Circuit
UNI = User to Network Interface
NNI = Network to Network Interface

5. Frame Relay Network Components
FRS
FRAD
Connection-Oriented Protocol
Frame Relay is a connection-oriented protocol and defines an interface between Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) such as a LAN bridge, router, or front-end processor, and a network to provide high performance LAN interconnection across a Wide Area Network (WAN).
Frame Relay is a packet-switched data network for wide area networking.
Frame Relay is connection-oriented, and uses logical virtual circuit connections to transmit data between end user locations.
Although the Frame Relay Specification provides for both permanent (PVC) and switched (SVC) virtual circuits, most service providers offer only PVC services.
Frame relay access devices (FRADs) and/or frame relay switches (FRS) are connected to each other by physical links, usually a DS0 or DS1 (T1) circuit. Several of these links interconnected make up a permanent virtual circuit (PVC) connecting remote networks.
A primary application for frame relay is the internetworking of local area networks.
FRS = Frame Relay Switch
FRAD = Frame Relay Access Device
PVC = Permanent Virtual Circuit
SVC = Switched Virtual Circuit

6. Connecting to the Network
Monitoring and Emulating
V-series
T1/E1
DDS 4-wire

7. UNI Test Points Connecting the HP Internet Advisor: to T1 to CEPT-E1
to V-Series
to T1
to CEPT-E1
FRAD
Frame Relay
Network
demarc
Patch Panel
T1 B8ZS ESF
or E1 HDB3
or V-series
V-series (V.35, V.11)
kbps
T1 RJ-48C or Bantam
or E1 Proprietary
56, 64, 384, 768,
1536, 1936 kbps
FRS
CSU
DSU
E1 3-prong or coax
T1 DSX-1

8. Monitoring Traffic with V-Series
V.35, V.24, V.36
Y-cable
CSU
FRAD (router)

9. WAN Monitor Configuration

10. Internet Advisor as DCE
DTE
Female connector

11. Internet Advisor as DTE
DCE
DTE
Female connector

12. WAN Simulate DTE Configuration

13. Monitoring Traffic with T1
Test Point Connections on the
CSU/DSU or Patch Panel
Equip Mon Out Line Mon Out
Connect to “EQPT In” and
“LINE In”
HP Internet Advisor
Out-EQPT-In
In-LINE-Out
To EQPT
To LINE
MONITOR

14. Through Mode Monitoring Traffic with T1
CSU
HP Internet Advisor
EQPT OUT
LINE IN
LINE OUT
EQPT IN
Out-EQPT-In
In-LINE-Out
To EQPT
To LINE
MONITOR
FRS
Using Bantam jacks
in through/bridged mode

15. Monitoring Traffic with T1
HP Internet Advisor
Out-EQPT-In
In-LINE-Out
To EQPT
To LINE
MONITOR
CSU
FRS
Using RJ48C cables
in through mode

16. Emulating UNI on T1 Connection for Emulating UNI-NET
EQPT Signals
LINE Signals
CPE (FRAD or Router)

17. Emulating UNI on T1 Connection for Emulating UNI-CPE CSU/DSU
EQPT Signals
LINE Signals
CSU/DSU

18. T1 Receiver Mode
For T1 monitoring it is important the the Receiver Mode be set correctly. This configuration parameter ensures that the Internet Advisor’s T1 receiver’s impedance matches that of the monitored circuit.
Bridged -- when the Advisor is passing the signal between two devices (through mode)
Terminated -- when the Advisor is at the end of the line and terminates the signal
Monitor Jack -- when the Advisor is attached to lower amplitude, isolated monitor points (such as at a DSX or DSU/CSU)
Through Drop & insert -- when the Advisor passes through most time slots, but replaces selected time slots with data generated by the Advisor.

19. Monitoring Traffic with the DDS 4-wire Module
Test Point Connections on the
CSU/DSU or Patch Panel
Equip Mon Out Line Mon Out
To Eqpt
To Line

20. Emulating DCE or DTE with the DDS 4-wire Module
Test Point Connections on the
CSU/DSU or Patch Panel
Equip Mon Out Line Mon Out
Emulating the DCE
Emulating the DTE
To Eqpt
To Line

21. Lesson 4 - Review You should be able to:
Identify common Frame Relay network components and describe their purpose.
Define common terms used to describe Frame Relay networks.
Demonstrate how to connect the Internet Advisor to a network under test.