1. Project design and implementation

2. Watershed management Phase 1 getting organized
Phase 2 problem & opportunity identification
Phase 3 developing goals, objectives, & restoration alternatives**
Phase 4 implementing**, monitoring, evaluating, & adapting
FISRWG, 1998

3. Restoration alternative selection & design
Phase 3 developing goals, objectives, & restoration alternatives
Define the desired future condition for everyone on the team
Identify scale considerations
Identify restoration constraints and issues
Define goals and objectives
Restoration alternative selection & design
Point of this step is to develop & analyze alternatives and come to a consensus on a game plan
Define the desired future condition for EVERYONE on the team
Identify scale considerations
Landscape scale regional economic & natural resource management considerations; land use considerations; biodiversity considerations
Stream corridor scale may take into consideration both the stream and upland areas; guidelines focus on ecological function & structure, but riparian buffers, for example, are as important for bank erosion as they are as habitat
Reach scale plans must take into consideration the larger scales and consider up- and downstream impacts, for example
3. Identify restoration constraints and issues
a. Consider technical constraints (e.g., lack of data, restoration technologies); QA/QC; nontechnical constraints (e.g., political, legal, economic, social, cultural)
4. Define goals and objectives
a. Goals establish a desired future condition that reflects social, political, and economic values
b. Objectives give direction to the general approach, design, and implementation of the restoration effort
5. Alternative selection & design
a. managing causes & treating symptoms
6. Landscape/Watershed vs. Corridor/Reach
a. connectivity and scale issues
7. Supporting analyses for selecting restoration alternatives
a. cost-effectiveness and incremental cost analysis must consider: funds available, return on funds invested, time & other non-financial resources, ability to get action done
b. evaluation of benefits
c. risk assessment
d. environmental impact analysis
FISRWG, 1998

4. Restoration alternative selection & design
Managing causes and treating symptoms
Using all the previous information, what can be done?

5. Restoration alternative selection & design
Managing causes and treating symptoms
These questions must be addressed:
What have been the implications of past disturbances and/or management activities in the stream corridor?
What are the realistic opportunities for eliminating, modifying, mitigating, or managing these activities?
What would be the response of impaired conditions in the corridor if these activities could be eliminated, modified, mitigated, or managed?
Critical to determining whether a passive, nonstructural alternative is appropriate or whether a more active restoration alternative is needed
FISRWG, 1998

6. Restoration alternative selection & design
Managing causes and treating symptoms
Three scenarios:
The cause can be eliminated
The cause cannot be eliminated, but it can be managed, modified, mitigated
What are those options? How will the options impact the system?
It’s not possible to manage the cause, so how can symptoms be managed mitigated?
1. If the causes of the impairment can realistically be eliminated, then complete ecosystem restoration to a natural or unaltered condition might be feasible and the objectives will be clear.
2. If the causes of the impairment cannot realistically be eliminated, then you must identify to available options to manage either the causes or symptoms of altered conditions AND the effect, if any, of those management options might have on the subject conditions
3. If it’s not possible to manage the causes of the impaired conditions, then mitigating the impacts of the disturbances (i.e., the symptoms) is an alternative method of implementing sustainable stream corridor restoration
FISRWG, 1998

7. Restoration alternative selection & design
Managing causes and treating symptoms
Consider this at the watershed scale—connectivity
Reach to stream scale
Stream to corridor scale
Corridor to watershed scale
Watershed to region scale

8. Restoration alternative selection & design
Supporting analyses for selecting restoration alternatives
Cost-effectiveness analysis must consider:
Funds available, return on funds invested, time & other non-financial resources, ability to get action done
Risk assessment addresses uncertainty
What are the sources of uncertainty in stream restoration?
Environmental impact analysis
Considers potential sort- and long-term direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts
return on funds invested back to ethics and values—this is hard to measure/quantify!
FISRWG, 1998

9. Restoration alternative selection & design
Project design—how do you do it?
In-stream approaches analogy method; hydraulic geometry; analytical method; empirical relationships for meander wavelengths, width., etc.; model bank stability using BSTEM (Bank-Stability and Toe-Erosion Model); Stability Threshold Analysis (STA)
Stream corridor or watershed approaches land use/zoning impacts on development; wetland preservation/construction; BMPs in agricultural land use areas (conservation buffers, fencing, crop nutrient management, conservation tillage; grazing management); stormwater BMPs (detention basins, pervious concrete, green infrastructure)

10. Restoration alternative selection & design
Project design
Green infrastructure—Buffalo Niagara RIVERKEEPER addresses sewer overflow with Green Infrastructure Solutions Plan
Green Infrastructure Sewer Solutions Plan prepared by Buffalo Niagara RIVERKEEPER outlines how this solution would eliminate stormwater flow into the combined sewer system, thereby effectively preventing contaminated urban stormwater runoff from flowing directly into Scajaquada Creek while also reducing Buffalo Sewer Authority project costs. Moreover, by including green infrastructure measures, the project would also provide the benefit of adding desirable complete street components that include bike and pedestrian enhancements, neighborhood beautification and traffic calming benefits.

11. Implementing: installing restoration measures
Phase 4 implementing, monitoring, evaluating, & adapting
Installing restoration measures
Monitoring
Evaluation
Adaptive management
FISRWG, 1998

12. Implementing: installing restoration measures
Phase 4 implementing, monitoring, evaluating, & adapting
Installing restoration measures
Securing funding—managing $$ from multiple sources
Identifying tools to facilitate implementation
Getting technical assistance, using tax advantages, cost-shares to individuals
Dividing implementation responsibilities—divide and conquer
Managing technical teams, government agencies, contractors, volunteers
Establish
The Advisory Board usually manages this
1. Securing funding
2. Identifying tools to facilitate implementation
a. e.g., technical assistance, tax advantages, cost-sharing, cross-compliance among existing programs
3. Dividing implementation responsibilities—divide and conquer! Responsibilities divided among participants, so the players (people and/or institutions/groups) must be identified and responsibilities must be assigned; this is usually done by the advisory board
4. Installing restoration measures
Determining the schedule—timing can be crucial
Obtaining necessary permits—state and federal permits needed depending on type and location (e.g., in-channel, riparian zone, upland areas)of work e.g., section 404 of the clean water act (USACE permits needed), endangered species act (USFWS permits needed)
Holding preinstallation conferences—on-site meeting with project manger/supervisor, crew foreman, contractors
Involving property owners—on-sire owner and neighbors that may be impacted
Securing site access—various types of easements
Locating existing utilities
Confirming sources & ensuring material standards—e.g., fill, rock, vegetation
Successful implementation characteristics central responsibility in one person (PM), thorough understanding of planning & materials, familiarity with the reach, knowledge of laws & regulations, understanding of environmental control plans, communication among all parties involved in the action
5. Monitoring
6. Evaluation
7. Adaptive management
Player (person and/or group) responsibility assigned
FISRWG, 1998

13. Implementing: installing restoration measures
Phase 4 implementing, monitoring, evaluating, & adapting
Installing restoration
Determining the schedule
Obtaining necessary permits
State and/or federal permits may be needed depending on type and location (e.g., in-channel, riparian zone, upland areas) of work e.g., section 404 of the clean water act (USACE permits needed), endangered species act (USFWS permits needed)
measures
1. Securing funding
2. Identifying tools to facilitate implementation
a. e.g., technical assistance, tax advantages, cost-sharing, cross-compliance among existing programs
3. Dividing implementation responsibilities—divide and conquer! Responsibilities divided among participants, so the players (people and/or institutions/groups) must be identified and responsibilities must be assigned; this is usually done by the advisory board
4. Installing restoration measures
Determining the schedule—timing can be crucial
Obtaining necessary permits—state and federal permits needed depending on type and location (e.g., in-channel, riparian zone, upland areas)of work e.g., section 404 of the clean water act (USACE permits needed), endangered species act (USFWS permits needed)
Holding preinstallation conferences—on-site meeting with project manger/supervisor, crew foreman, contractors
Involving property owners—on-site owner and neighbors that may be impacted
Securing site access—various types of easements
Locating existing utilities
Confirming sources & ensuring material standards—e.g., fill, rock, vegetation
Successful implementation characteristics central responsibility in one person (PM), thorough understanding of planning & materials, familiarity with the reach, knowledge of laws & regulations, understanding of environmental control plans, communication among all parties involved in the action
5. Monitoring
6. Evaluation
7. Adaptive management
Montana example
FISRWG, 1998

14. Implementing: installing restoration measures
Phase 4 implementing, monitoring, evaluating, & adapting
Installing restoration measures
Holding preinstallation conferences—on-site meeting with project manger/supervisor, crew foreman, contractors
Involving property owners—on-site owner and neighbors that may be impacted
1. Securing funding
2. Identifying tools to facilitate implementation
a. e.g., technical assistance, tax advantages, cost-sharing, cross-compliance among existing programs
3. Dividing implementation responsibilities—divide and conquer! Responsibilities divided among participants, so the players (people and/or institutions/groups) must be identified and responsibilities must be assigned; this is usually done by the advisory board
4. Installing restoration measures
Determining the schedule—timing can be crucial
Obtaining necessary permits—state and federal permits needed depending on type and location (e.g., in-channel, riparian zone, upland areas)of work e.g., section 404 of the clean water act (USACE permits needed), endangered species act (USFWS permits needed)
Holding preinstallation conferences—on-site meeting with project manger/supervisor, crew foreman, contractors
Involving property owners—on-site owner and neighbors that may be impacted
Securing site access—various types of easements
Locating existing utilities
Confirming sources & ensuring material standards—e.g., fill, rock, vegetation
Successful implementation characteristics central responsibility in one person (PM), thorough understanding of planning & materials, familiarity with the reach, knowledge of laws & regulations, understanding of environmental control plans, communication among all parties involved in the action
5. Monitoring
6. Evaluation
7. Adaptive management
FISRWG, 1998

15. Implementing: installing restoration measures
Phase 4 implementing, monitoring, evaluating, & adapting
Installing restoration measures
Securing site access—various easements are available
1. Securing funding
2. Identifying tools to facilitate implementation
a. e.g., technical assistance, tax advantages, cost-sharing, cross-compliance among existing programs
3. Dividing implementation responsibilities—divide and conquer! Responsibilities divided among participants, so the players (people and/or institutions/groups) must be identified and responsibilities must be assigned; this is usually done by the advisory board
4. Installing restoration measures
Determining the schedule—timing can be crucial
Obtaining necessary permits—state and federal permits needed depending on type and location (e.g., in-channel, riparian zone, upland areas)of work e.g., section 404 of the clean water act (USACE permits needed), endangered species act (USFWS permits needed)
Holding preinstallation conferences—on-site meeting with project manger/supervisor, crew foreman, contractors
Involving property owners—on-site owner and neighbors that may be impacted
Securing site access—various types of easements
Locating existing utilities
Confirming sources & ensuring material standards—e.g., fill, rock, vegetation
Successful implementation characteristics central responsibility in one person (PM), thorough understanding of planning & materials, familiarity with the reach, knowledge of laws & regulations, understanding of environmental control plans, communication among all parties involved in the action
5. Monitoring
6. Evaluation
7. Adaptive management
FISRWG, 1998

16. Implementing: installing restoration measures
Phase 4 implementing, monitoring, evaluating, & adapting
Installing restoration measures
Locating existing utilities
Confirming sources & ensuring material standards
1. Securing funding
2. Identifying tools to facilitate implementation
a. e.g., technical assistance, tax advantages, cost-sharing, cross-compliance among existing programs
3. Dividing implementation responsibilities—divide and conquer! Responsibilities divided among participants, so the players (people and/or institutions/groups) must be identified and responsibilities must be assigned; this is usually done by the advisory board
4. Installing restoration measures
Determining the schedule—timing can be crucial
Obtaining necessary permits—state and federal permits needed depending on type and location (e.g., in-channel, riparian zone, upland areas)of work e.g., section 404 of the clean water act (USACE permits needed), endangered species act (USFWS permits needed)
Holding preinstallation conferences—on-site meeting with project manger/supervisor, crew foreman, contractors
Involving property owners—on-site owner and neighbors that may be impacted
Securing site access—various types of easements
Locating existing utilities
Confirming sources & ensuring material standards—e.g., fill, rock, vegetation
Successful implementation characteristics central responsibility in one person (PM), thorough understanding of planning & materials, familiarity with the reach, knowledge of laws & regulations, understanding of environmental control plans, communication among all parties involved in the action
5. Monitoring
6. Evaluation
7. Adaptive management
FISRWG, 1998

17. Implementing: installing restoration measures
Phase 4 implementing, monitoring, evaluating, & adapting
A group effort coordinated by one person, a project manager with these skills:
Leadership
Scheduling
Budgeting
Technical skills
Communicating
Negotiating
Customer relations
Understanding environmental control plans minimizing environmental degradation
FISRWG, 1998