1. Perspective!

2. Picture plane – Ground plane –
the flat, two-dimensional, transparent surface on which we draw or project an image
Ground plane –
the flat, horizontal surface within the picture plane
-think of the ground plane as the lake surface on which a boat sails, or the ground on which a building sits

4. Multiview Drawings Paraline Drawings Perspective Drawings
How do you begin to describe three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface?
Choose from among three pictorial drawing systems:
Multiview Drawings
Paraline Drawings
Perspective Drawings

5. Perspective drawing is the art of describing three-dimensional volumes or spatial relationships on a two-dimensional surface.
Linear perspective depicts how objects appear to a spectator looking in a specific direction from a particular vantage point.

6. Station point –
A fixed point in space representing a single eye of the spectator

7. Vanishing point – Horizon line –
the point on the picture plane at which a set of receding parallel lines appears to converge, or come together as one
Horizon line –
a horizontal line representing the intersection of the picture plane and a horizontal plane

8. Vanishing point
eye level
horizon line
station point

9. Ground line –
a horizontal line representing the intersection of the ground plane and the picture plane

10. Vanishing point
eye level
horizon line
ground line
station point

11. The Cone of Vision is the general field of vision
The Cone of Vision is the general field of vision. Think of this as the area that you can see.
Typically, the Cone of Vision extends 30 degrees on either side of a central axis from the Station Point to the central Vanishing Point. A 60 degree range is considered to be a normal field of vision, and should serve as a guideline when constructing a perspective drawing.

12. Cone of vision
Vanishing point
eye level
horizon line
ground line
station point

13. -Orthogonal lines -Transversal lines
So now that you have the basic framework for a perspective space, it’s time to start using line to establish forms / objects in that space.
In perspective drawing, there are two types of construction lines:
-Orthogonal lines
-Transversal lines

14. Orthogonal lines – Transversal lines – -parallel to the ground plane
-move back from the picture plane (recede)
-appear to meet at a vanishing point on the horizon
Transversal lines –
-always at right angles to the orthogonal lines
-parallel to the picture plane
-establish a fixed height or width between two orthogonal lines

15. Orthogonal lines

16. Transversal lines

17. Transversal lines

18. Transversal lines

19. When working with one vanishing point, you are working with one-point perspective, also known as central perspective.

20. Artists using perspective…

21. Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper, 1495

22. Paolo Uccello. Crucifixion.

23. Caspar David Friedrich, The Stages of Life, 1835.

24. Vincent Van Gogh, Hospital Room.

25. Thomas Eakins, The Pair-Oared Shell, 1872

26. Edward Hopper, Gas. 1940

27. David Hockney, photomontage.

28. Mary Iverson, Ruby Beach with Containers, 2010

29. Mary Iverson, Expanse, 2007

30. Student work

35. Paulo Uccello. Perspective Study of Chalice. Pen and ink, 1450