1. BY:Prof. Dr. Hossam Ibrahim El dossoky
El – Shorouk Academy The Higher Institute of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department
Fundamentals of Industrial Chemistry
BY:Prof. Dr. Hossam Ibrahim El dossoky

2. Today’ Agenda Introduction Preparation of the ore
production of the metals
Purification of the Metals

3. Metallurgy
Metallurgy“ The process of isolating the metal from an ore ”
Ore: the starting material for obtaining a metal It a complex mixture of the metallic matter and impurities.
The isolation of a metal from its ore involves THREE major steps:
Ore dressed ore impure metal pure metal 3 2 1

4. Preliminary treatment
Steps
Preparation of the ore
Preliminary treatment
after – treatment
Production of the metal
Conversion of metal to oxide
Reduction of the metal oxides
Purification of the metal
Liquation
Distillation
Chemical method
Zone refining

5. Preparation of the ore The preliminary treatment
Crushing, grinding
Washing off
Removement of unwanted material
b) After – treatment (Concentration of ore)
By gravity methods
Magnetic method
Froth floating method
leaching
Liquation

6. The Preliminary treatment

7. b) after – treatment (Concentration of ore)
By gravity methods

8. b) after – treatment (Concentration of ore)
2-Magnetic method

9. b) after – treatment (Concentration of ore)
3-Froth floating method

10. b) After – treatment (Concentration of ore)
4- Leaching
Al2O3 + NaOH (aq) + H2O 2NaAl(OH)4 (aq) NaAl(OH)4 (aq) Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 Al2O3 (s) + 3H2O (g)
CO2
1200 oC

11. Production of the metal
Conversion of ore to oxide
Calcination
Roasting
Reduction of the metal oxides
Auto – reduction
Chemical reduction
Electrolysis

12. Production of the metal
Calcination
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
The calcination is performed in a reverberatory furnace

13. Production of the metal
Roasting
2Cu2S + 3O2 2Cu2O + 2SO2
CuS + 2O2 2CuSO4
Reduction of the metal oxides
Auto – reduction
2HgS + 3O2 2HgO + 2SO2
 2HgO 2Hg + O2
Chemical reduction
PbO + H2 Pb + H2O

14. Purification of the metal
Liquation.
Poling.
Distillation.
Electrolysis.
Complexation.
The Van Arkel – Boer purification of metals

15. Purification of the metal
Liquation.
 This method can be used only when the m.p. of the metal is less than those of its impurities.
Poling
This method is suitable for purifying a metal contaminated with its oxide impurity.
Distillation
The metal to be refined is heated above its b.p. in a retort and the vapor is condensed to pure metal.

16. Purification of the metal
Electrolysis.
Anode : Cu(s) Cu2+ (aq) + 2℮-
Cathode : Cu2+ (aq) + 2℮ Cu(s)

17. Purification of the metal
Complexation.
Ni(s) + 4CO (g) Ni(CO)4 (g)
Ni(CO)4 (g) Ni(s) + CO (g)
The Van Arkel – Boer purification of metals
Ti (s) + 2I2 TiI4 (g) Ti (s) + 2I2
50-250°C
1400°C

18. For any problem, Please contact me:
Prof. Dr. Hossam Ibrahim El dossoky
Head of department of chemical engineering
High Institute of Engineering
Shorouk Academy
“If You can not build your dreams in the atmosphere, You won’t build that in any other place”

19. Thank you for your attention!