1. Joint Movements

2. Flexion/Extension
Flexion: bending motion where angle between bones is decreased
Extension: straightening motion where angle between bones increased

4. hyperextension
Extension beyond straight

5. Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion

6. Abduction/Adduction Abduction: movement away from midline
Adduction: movement towards midline

7. Abduction/Aduction

8. Circumduction
Movement of distal end of bone in circular motion while proximal remains stable

9. Rotation
Movement of body part around its own axis

10. Pronation and Supination
Supination: Pivoting movement of forearm where radius is rotated to parallel with ulna
Pronation: Pivoting motion where radius is rotated over ulna

12. Inversion/Eversion
Movement of sole of foot Movement of sole of foot inward (medially) outward (laterally)

13. Elevation/Depression

14. Protraction/Retraction