1. Key Issue: Why do farmers face economic difficulties?
Chapter 10 Section 4 - A
Key Issue: Why do farmers face economic difficulties?

2. What problem do BOTH commercial and subsistence farmers share?
Poor Income Levels

3. But the reasons are OPPOSITE of each other!
Commercial – too much Subsistence – Too Little

4. I. Issues for Commercial Farmers (2)
A) Access to Markets
1 -What is the purpose of Commercial Agriculture????
OFF farm!

5. 2 - So proximity to market is very important. Consider:
-Cost of land?
-Cost of Transportation?
-Perishable Product?
Proximity = “nearness”

6. I’m Very
Important!
(and a Stud
Muffin too)

7. 3 - Von Thunen’s Model of Agriculture
Today - Feedlots

8. 4 - Von Thunen…. DID - topography DID NOT* Today… -Forestry Ring?
-government policies
-social customs
Today…
-Forestry Ring?
-National/Global Scale

9. I’m still important!!!
I am all about you, me and the market baby!
It’s a great day to be a VON THUNEN!I

10. I. Issues for Commercial Farmers (con’t)
(1st Issue: Access to Markets – Just Did)
2nd Issue:
B) Overproduction
1) Technology*
2) Demand remains constant IN MDC’S*

11. Can you say “S curve”

12. US Farmers have become much more efficient. For example:
1960’s 20 million dairy cows = 63 million tons of milk per year
1990’s 10 million dairy cows = 75 million tons of milk per year

13. Numbers of Dairy Cows per country

14. 3) US Government Policies Goal: ______________________
3 types of policies
Encourage planting of fallow crops(protect soil)
Subsidies*
Buys surplus production

15. 4 – European Policies

16. C) Sustainable Agriculture & Organic Farming
Read and Bullet Notes for 1-3 from pages 331 to 333
3 Basic Practices:
1-Sensitive Land Management
2-Limited Use of Chemicals
3-Integrated Crop and
Livestock
Ridge Tillage T
\ H E N D
D) GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms and Sub-Saharan Africa
(pg 332 – Global Forces)

17. Chapter 10 – 4B What are the two main problems for commercial farmers?
1- Access to Markets
2 - Overproduction

18. II. Issues for Subsistence Farmers
A) Rapid population growth (Stage 2) requires more food
1) change in late 20th century
2) Intensify Production
- New Farming Methods
-Fields left “fallow” shorter periods of time

19. II. Issues for Subsistence Farmers (con’t)
B) International Trade (good/bad)
70% of all of the world’s cocoa
comes from Africa.
Cocoa Tree

20. C) Drug Crops
Spatial Distribution of
Illegal Drugs Worldwide

24. THE
END!

25. Teacher Note May Continue Powerpoint OR
Assign the rest of chapter for Homework.

26. III. Strategies to Increase Food Supply
A) Expand Agricultural Land
1) Past – Yes Future – No
2) too much or too little
3) urbanization

27. III. Strategies to Increase Food Supply (con’t)
B) Higher Productivity
1) Green Revolution
2) Fertilizer Problems
3) Prevented Famine

28. C) Identify New Food Sources

29. D) Increase Exports from other countries
1) USA
2) Thailand
3) Japan

30. IV. Africa’s Food-Supply Crisis
B) Production Lower
C) Sub-Saharan Agriculture
D) Horn of Africa
E) Desertification
F) Gov’t Policies
G) Conflicts