1. Kingdom Fungi
Chapter 22

2. What are Fungi?
Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls made of chitin
Absorptive heterotrophs (extracellular digestion)
Digestion on outside of organism
Release enzymes onto food and absorb nutrients
Multicellular (except for yeasts)
Composed of thin filaments called hyphae
Eukaryotes = have a nucleus
Heterotrophs = cannot make own food

3. Haploid most of life cycle
Spread by producing haploid reproductive cells = spores
Most reproduce both asexually and sexually
Divided into 4 phyla based on method of reproduction (life cycle) and reproductive structures.
Haploid = single set of chromosomes
Mushroom Reproduction

4. Fungus Structure
2 main parts of fungus:
1)mycelium
2)fruiting body

5. Mycelium: main body of fungus, tangled network of hyphae, absorbs food.
Fruiting body: reproductive structure
ex) mushroom

6. Sexual Reproduction 2 hyphae of different mating types join
These grow and produce fruiting body

7. Asexual Reproduction Fruiting body releases spores
Spores grow new hyphae

8. 4 Phyla of Fungi 1) Zygomycota 2) Ascomycota 3) Basidiomycota
4) Deuteromycota

9. Phylum Zygomycota “conjugation fungi” Common molds ex) bread mold
2 main hyphae types
1)rhizoids: anchor & absorb
2)stolons: run along surface
Form reproductive
structure = zygospore
No septa in hyphae
Sexual reproduction – use conjugation
2 hyphae join together and form zygospore

10. Phylum Ascomycota “sac fungi” Largest phylum of fungi
Form spores within a sac-like structure = ascus
ex) truffels, morels, cup fungus, & yeast(unicellular)

11. Yeast can reproduce asexually by budding
yeast perform alcoholic fermentation (anaerobic) to obtain energy.

12. Phylum Basidiomycota “club fungi”
Spore bearing structure = club shaped basidia
ex) mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungus, jelly fungus

13. Typical mushroom structures
Cap
Gills
Annulus
Stalk/stipe

14. Phylum Deuteromycota “imperfect fungi” No means of sexual reproduction
ex) Penicillium produces penicillin; athlete’s foot; ringworm

15. Ecology of Fungi All heterotrophs Saprobes: decomposers
Parasites: cause diseases (athletes foot)

16. Symbiotic relationships
Lichens: fungi + photosynthetic organism
Mycorrhizae: fungi + plant roots