1. The Cell
The basic unit of life

2. Engage: Cell History Cytology- study of cells
1665 English Scientist Robert Hooke
Used a microscope to examine cork (plant)
Hooke called what he saw "Cells"

3. Cell History Robert Brown Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann
discovered the nucleus in 1833.
Matthias Schleiden
German Botanist Matthias Schleiden
1838
ALL PLANTS "ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS".
Theodor Schwann
Also in 1838,
discovered that animals were made of cells

4. Cell History Rudolf Virchow
1855, German Physician
" THAT CELLS ONLY COME FROM OTHER CELLS".
His statement debunked "Theory of Spontaneous Generation" 

5. Cell Theory
The COMBINED work of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow make up the modern CELL THEORY.

6. The Cell Theory states that:
1. All living things are composed of a cell or cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

7. Endoplasmic reticulum
Compare and Contrast
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Cell membrane
Contain DNA
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton

8. Explain: Cell Diversity
Cells within the same organism show Enormous Diversity in:
Size
Shape
Internal Organization

9. 1. Cell Size
Female Egg - largest cell in the human body; seen without the aid of a microscope
Most cells are visible only with a microscope.

10. Cells are small for 2 Reasons
Limited in size by the RATIO between their Outer Surface Area and Their Volume. 
A small cell has more SURFACE AREA than a large cell for a GIVEN VOLUME OF CYTOPLASM. 
This is important because the nutrients, oxygen, and other materials a cell requires must enter through it surface. 
As a cell grows larger at some point its surface area becomes too Small to allow these materials to enter the cell quickly enough to meet the cell's need.

11. Cells are Small Reason 2:
THE CELL'S NUCLEUS (THE BRAIN) CAN ONLY CONTROL A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF LIVING, ACTIVE CYTOPLASM.

12. 2. Cell Shape Diversity of form reflects a diversity of function.
THE SHAPE OF A CELL DEPENDS ON ITS FUNCTION.

13. 3. Internal Organization
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleus
Organelles

14. Prokaryotic Examples
ONLY Bacteria

15. Two Kinds: Plant and Animal
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Two Kinds:
Plant and Animal

16. Internal Organization
Cells contain ORGANELLES.
Are cell components that PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS FOR THE CELL.

17. Cellular Organelles 1.) The Plasma membrane The boundary of the cell.
Composed of three distinct layers.
It functions like a bouncer at a club.
It controls what goes into and comes out of a cell

18. 2.) The Nucleus It is the Brain of the Cell
Surrounded by a porous membrane called the nuclear envelope.
Contains thin fibers of DNA and protein called Chromatin.
Rod Shaped Chromosomes
Contains a small round nucleolus
produces ribosomal RNA which makes ribosomes.

19. 3.) Ribosomes Small non-membrane bound organelles.
Contain two sub units
Site of protein synthesis.
It is the protein factory of the cell
Either free floating or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

20. 4.) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Complex network of transport channels.
Two types:
Smooth-
Has no ribosomes.
Makes lipids for the cell
Rough –
Has ribosomes
Transports proteins to the golgi apparatus.

21. 5.) Golgi Apparatus
A series of flattened sacs that modifies, packages, stores, and transports materials out of the cell.
Works with the ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum.

22. 6.) Lysosomes Is a Recycling Center
Animal Cells only
Is a Recycling Center
It recycles cellular trash
It is a membrane bound organelle containing a variety of enzymes.
Acts like the garbage collector of a cell
Help digest food particles inside or out side the cell.

23. 7.) Mitochondrion It’s the size of a bacterium Contains its own DNA
Produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP

24. 8.) Centrioles Found only in animal cells
Have a role in building cilia and flagella
Play a role in cellular reproduction

25. 9.) Cytoskeleton It is the framework of the cell
Contains small microfilaments and larger microtubules.
They support the cell, giving it its shape and help with the movement of its organelles.

26. Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion

27. 10.) The Chloroplast Found in plants and algae.
Makes food for the cell using energy from sunlight.

28. 11.) The Vacuole
Sacs that help in food digestion, storage and helping the cell maintain its water balance.
Found mostly in plants and protists.

29. 12.) Cell Wall
Extra structure surrounding its plasma membrane in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.
Made of cellulose in Plants
Made of chitin in Fungi
Made of peptidoglycan in some Bacteria

30. 11.) Cilia &Flagella
They are hair like structures that are attached to the membrane
Their main functions are basically to move things along. Cilia moves substances along whilst flagella moves the whole cell along.

31. Eukaryotic Example

32. Plant Cell Section 7-2 Smooth endoplasmic Vacuole reticulum (free)
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosome
(attached)
(free)
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Cell wall
Cell
Membrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant Cell

33. Endoplasmic reticulum
Venn Diagrams
Compare and Contrast
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Centrioles
Lysosomes
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts

34. Cell Types (Review) Eukaryotic
1. Contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
2. Rod shaped chromosomes
3. Found in all kingdoms except the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
Does not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
Circular chromosome
Found only in the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Kingdoms