1. Focus – What do you notice about the Mongolian empire from the animated map?

2. The Mongols

3. So…who were the Mongols?

4. From central Asia, north and northwest of China
China to the southeast, Russia to the west
Asian steppe – dry, grass covered plain
Nomadic pastoralist – moving on horseback with a herd of domesticated sheep
Traded animals for iron, cloth
Sturdy, self-reliant, fierce warriors on horseback

5. Warfare Technology Tactics Saddles Stirrups Bows and arrows
Used extra horses to travel great distances in a day
Speed
Surprise
Adopted new tactics and technologies
Ruthless - used fear and intimidation
Played off rivalries of enemies

6. Conquest Conquered settled societies across much of Asia
-Built the largest unified land empire in the history of the world

7. Conquest Genghis Khan United the clans
Conquered northern China (Beijing), Central Asia, Persia
Died in 1227
Empire split into 4 sections
Continued to expand
Golden Horde - controlled Russia…got as far as Poland and Austria
Il-Khanate – controlled Iran
Chagatai Khanate – controlled Central Asia
Yuan Empire – controlled China and East Asia
Genghis Khan
Kublai Khan

8. Treatment of Conquered - General
Tolerated religious differences
Encouraged trade
Collected tribute from non-resistant foes
Pax Mongolia – “Mongolian Peace”
Commercial integration of Eurasia through Silk Road
Exchange of knowledge and goods between Europe, Middle East, China
Disease also spread

9. Mongol Empire after 1227

10. Mongolian Rule of Russia
Attacks began in 1237, burned almost every city
Small ruling class in charge until late-1400s
Allowed people to retain government and customs
Local landlords collected tribute (taxes) and administered justice
Some paid taxes directly to the government
Caused the rise of serfdom
Retained Eastern Orthodox religion

11. Influences on Russia Built roads Improved communication
Gave rise to city of Moscow
Cooperated with Mongols and received favors
1480 – Ivan III (Ivan the Great) overthrew Mongol rule by refusing to pay tribute
Moscow remains the center of Russian government
Mongol rule isolated Russia from Western European ideas and inventions, setting them behind the rest of Western Europe

12. Mongolian Rule of the Middle East
Destroyed Baghdad
Was a brilliant intellectual center
Killed Abbasids; rulers all gone
Allowed rise of the Ottoman Turks
Constantinople conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 – renamed Istanbul

13. Destruction of Baghdad

14. Mongolian Rule of China
Genghis Khan’s grandson Kublai Khan
Continued dynastic rule of China
Yuan Dynasty,
Used Chinese traditional government
Reunified China after years of division
New Social Hierarchy
Mongols; foreigners; northern Chinese; Southern Chinese
No Chinese in top government positions
Promoted Buddhism & supported Daoism
Dismissed Confucian scholars

15. Yuan lasting impact on China
Improved transportation and trade
Grand Canal extended
Highways
Mail routes to India and Persia
Protected trade routes across Asia
Improved communication
Reunified China after centuries of division

16. Yuan lasting impact on China
Improved central authority
Local authorities reported directly to central government
Beijing still capital city
Believed foreigners were more trustworthy than Chinese
Encouraged foreign trade and merchants to live and work in China
Brought foreign administrators into China, put them in charge
Ming dynasty overthrew the Yuan dynasty in 1368.

17. Conclusions
Success resulted from ability to adapt new technology and strategies, employed non-Mongols to govern (in-direct rule)
Stimulated trade and exchange (cultural diffusion)
Spurred the beginnings of national or regional identity among conquered peoples
Surrounding areas developed a stronger regional identity (common enemy creates unity) and benefited from increased trade, exchange of ideas and technology

18. Processing
Create a warning or alert for Russia, the Middle East, and China.
Your warnings should include details about the effect of Mongol rule/conquering from the lesson.
Ex. DANGER AHEAD! Mongols seen destroying Baghdad, all women and children should take cover immediately!