1. Technology and Industrial Growth
Ch. 4 Sec. 1

2. Encouraging Industrial Growth
Factories:
Stepped up production
Used new tools
New methods to produce products
Increased output
Food industry discovered new ways to preserve food
Government encouraged immigration

3. Interchangeable Parts

4. Natural Resources Fuel Growth
Coal powered steam locomotives and factories
Trees cut for lumber
Waterways used as transportation
1859- first oil well drilled

5. The Workforce Grows
Europeans and Asians immigrated to US after the Civil War
Left home due to political strife, religious discrimination, or crop failures
million immigrants per year
Immigrants worked for low pay and were willing to move for jobs

6. Capitalism Encourages Entrepreneurs
“rags to riches”- start poor→ work hard→ become rich
Idea depended on free enterprise in which individuals own most businesses
Entrepreneurs- people who invest money in a product to make a profit

7. Government Policies Encourage Free Enterprise
To encourage the buying of American goods, congress enacted protective tariffs
Taxes that made imported goods cost more than those made locally
Encouraged laissez-faire (Hands-off)
Allowed businesses to operate under minimal gov regulation

8. Innovation Drives the Nation
Patent- grant by the fed. gov. giving an inventor the exclusive right to develop, use, and sell an invention for a period of time
Thomas Edison had more than 1,000 patents
Invented the light bulb
The Rise of Thomas Edison

9. Revolutionizing Communications
1844- Samuel Morse perfected telegraph technology
Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone
1900- More than a million telephones in US
100,000 telegraph wires
Guglielmo Marconi-
invented wireless telegraph
telegraph and telephone

10. Steel: A Practical Wonder
Henry Bessemer- Bessemer Process
Purifying iron to make strong, lightweight steel
Steel made skyscrapers, elevators, and suspension bridges possible

11. Steel Industry

12. Linking the Nation by Rail
George Westinghouse- Patented air brakes for trains
Train telegraphs and refrigerated cars were developed
Time differences between town caused confusion at train stations
time zones in the world
Electric streetcars and subways emerged

13. Railroads

14. Linking World Markets
1880s- American exports of grain, steel, and textiles dominated international markets
RR transported goods quickly, cheaply, and efficiently
RR transported goods to ports which shipped them around the world

15. Changes Out of work farmers moved to industrial cities for work
Industrial waste rose
Agriculture led to soil erosion and dust storms
Yellowstone Park- first federal response to preserve the environment

16. Critiques of Industrialization
Environmental problems
Poor/dangerous working conditions
Low wages for unskilled workers
Child labor
Growing income gap
Power and influence in politics 16

17. Critiques of Industrialization17

18. Critiques of Industrialization