1. States of Matter and Density

2. Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object - measured in grams
We use the International System of Units or “SI system” to measure mass
Weight is the force of gravity on an object

3. Density Volume is the amount of space an object takes up
Measured in ml or cm3
Density relates mass to volume - written as
grams (g)
grams (g) or
milliliter (ml)
centimeters3 (cm3)

4. Density
If a piece of bread has a mass of 75g and a volume of 150 cm3 what is it’s density?
If a hockey puck has a density of 10 g/cm3 and has a mass of 850 grams what is it’s volume?
Water has a density of 1 g/ml so if I have 33 ml of water what would it’s mass be?

5. Kinetic Theory
Says that matter is made of atoms and molecules which are always in motion.
Higher temperature = faster movement = more energy
Big particles move slower than smaller particles at the same temperature

6. Solids have a definite shape or volume fixed, closely packed particles
Particles have low kinetic energy – move the least of the states of matter

7. Crystalline Solids
Solids made up of crystals with a regular, repeating pattern of particles.

8. Amorphous Solids
Particles are not arranged in a regular pattern

9. Liquid Definite volume but no shape
Particles free to move and flow together
Particles move faster than in solids and have more kinetic energy than the solid state of matter.

10. Surface Tension
molecules pull together and particles are the surface come close together.

11. Viscosity A liquid’s resistance to flow
high viscosity means it doesn’t flow well
low viscosity means it flows quickly.
Due to attraction between particles.

12. Gases No definite shape or volume.
Particles spread out and will available space.
Particles move fast enough to break attractive forces between them – very high kinetic energy

13. Plasma
Estimated 99% of matter (the sun and other stars) are made of plasma.
Does not have a definite shape or volume
Similar to gases but can conduct electricity because particles are charged.

14. https://youtu.be/LZI8nfA_zsA

15. https://youtu.be/J9_LmSTtpkI

16. Explain the difference between melting and melting point. (pgs 77-79)
What happens to the speed of the particles when matter melts? Freezes? Boils?
Number 1-5 and be ready to write 5 facts from the video discussing ‘liquids’.

17. State Changes
Changes in states of matter are considered physical changes.
Frozen Water, Liquid Water, Water Vapor are all water.

18. Melting and Freezing
Melting is the change in state from a solid to a liquid
Freezing is the change from a liquid to a solid.

19. Melting and Freezing
The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid is called the melting point.
The freezing point is the temperature that a liquid changes into a solid.
Freezing Point = Melting Point

20. Vaporization and Condensation
The change from a liquid to a gas is called vaporization.
Sometimes called boiling or evaporation.
The temperature at which this happens is called the boiling point.

21. Vaporization and Condensation
The change from a gas to a liquid is called condensation.
The temperature at which this happens is called the condensation point.

22. Sublimation
The change straight from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid state is called sublimation.

23. EVERYTHING IS DUE TO THERMAL ENERGY

24. Charles’s Law
For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases as the gas’s temperature increases and visa versa.

25. Gay-Lussac’s Law
The pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases, if the volume of the gas does not change.

26. Boyle’s Law
For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature the volume of a gas increases as the gas’s pressure decreases and visa versa.

27. Ideal Gas Law
The ideal gas law is an equation that accounts for all three gas laws.
PV=nRT

28. Ideal Gas Law P = pressure (atm) V = Volume (L)
n = number of moles (mol)
R = Constant (L x atm/(mol x K))
T = Kelvin

29. Standard Temperature and Pressure
STP = Standard temperature and pressure
ST = 273°K
SP = 1 atm