1. How did the Phoenicians gain control over most of the Mediterranean Sea?
Remember to answer in complete sentences!
Bell Ringer #16

2. Copy this chart into your notebook!
PHOENICIANS
ISRAELITES
Copy this chart into your notebook!

3. Mediterranean Civilizations
Chapter 2, Section 4

4. Phoenician Sea Power

5. What were the limited but very important resources that the Phoenicians traded with?
The Phoenicians controlled trade throughout much of the Mediterranean Sea.
B.C., Phoenicia was a great sea power
Phoenician Sea Power

6. The Phoenician Alphabet
What is an alphabet?
Phoenicians invented a writing system that used just 22 symbols – where each letter stood for one consonant sound.
Phoenician alphabet was far easier to learn than cuneiform, many more people could now read and write.
The alphabet simplified trade between people who spoke different languages and the Phoenicians trade helped it to spread.
The Phoenician Alphabet

7. The Rise of the Israelites
Settled south of Phoenicia, called Hebrews –later known as Israelites. Never built a large empire but had a great influence on our civilization.
Most of what is known about their early history comes from the Torah, the Hebrew Bible.
Traced their beginnings to Mesopotamia, where they lived as shepherds and merchants outside Sumerian cities.
Their leader, Abraham, taught them to practice, monotheism: a belief in one god. (mono = one) And that God told him to leave Mesopotamia and settle in Canaan.
The Rise of the Israelites

8. According to the Torah, a famine: a time when there is so little food that many people starve, caused the Israelites to flee Canaan and go to Egypt where they were enslaved by the Egyptians.
Moses, an Israelite leader, led his people out of Egypt into the desert where they wandered through the desert where they received the Ten Commandants, a code of laws from God (according to the Torah.)
King David – established the capital in the city of Jerusalem within Canaan
From Canaan to Exile

9. The country divided into two Kingdoms: Israel and Judah – conquered by the Assyrians (surprise, surprise!)
They resisted Assyrian rule and in response, the Assyrians exiled thousands of people to distant parts of their empire.
Eventually, King Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the capital of Jerusalem and exiled the people to Babylonia.
From Canaan to Exile