1. Quick Review: 11.1 “The Call to Arms”
“Border States”
Slave states that didn’t secede
Each side had advantages:
North - MORE soldiers, $, supplies…
South - better generals, motivation
Strategies:
North - surround, invade, capture Richmond
South - defend, get help
Soldier’s life wasn’t easy
Lessons from Bull Run
The war will be long and BLOODY

2. Chapter 11, Section 2 Early Years of the War p. 392-397
The early years of the war are indecisive, as neither side seems able to defeat the other.

3. New Technology in the War
Main Idea: The use of new weapons forces commanders to rethink their tactics.
Ironclads: warships covered with protective iron plates
Ends the age of the wooden war ship – FOREVER!
New percussion cap rifles firing conical bullets.
Rifled barrels & conical bullets (Minie balls) can shoot farther & more accurately
Artillery: Canister Shot turns cannons into giant shotguns
Can wipe out a whole line of men with ONE shot
Ironclads: Monitor vs. Virginia
Conical Bullet
“Minie ball”
Artillery: Canister Shot

4. “Technology had out-paced the tactics.”
Study Guide Question:
“Technology had out-paced the tactics.”
What does this quote mean?
Think about:
What technology?
What tactics?
What was the result of new, improved weapons and out-dated tactics?
DEATH
CASUALTIES

5. Fallen Confederate Soldier at the Battle of Antietam
High War Casualties
casualties – military term for persons killed, wounded, or missing in action
High Death Toll due to more accurate & deadly weapons
Death also due to Diseases
Unsanitary camp conditions
Poor diet for soldiers
Unclean water
Surgical instruments NOT disinfected
“Unknown Soldier”
Fallen Confederate Soldier at the Battle of Antietam
Now let’s meet the generals…

6. “Little Mac”: the Young Napoleon
George B. McClellan
Lincolns’ 1st General
- Was his 3rd choice
- Commands the Army of the Potomac – over 100,000 men
- Orders: “Capture Richmond”
Great organizer & administrator, but reluctant warrior (too cautious!)
Loved by his men!
Frustrates Lincoln in every battle Why?
Moves his 100,000 troops into Virginia in March 1862
To face the “Gray Fox”….
“Little Mac”: the Young Napoleon
(only 34 years old)

7. Robert E. Lee “The Gray Fox”
From Virginia, son of “Light-Horse” Harry Lee
- Stellar career at West Point
Makes name for himself in Mexican/American War, under Winfield Scott
- Doesn’t believe in secession
Refuses Lincoln’s offer to command the Union Army
Why?
After Ft. Sumter, C.S.A. President Jefferson Davis makes Lee his top general
June Lee named commanding general of the Army of Northern Virginia
Col. Robert E. Lee
(before the Civil War)
General Robert E. Lee

8. Main Idea: Each side suffers setbacks in the East, in 1862.
The War in the East
Main Idea: Each side suffers setbacks in the East, in 1862.
Battle of the Seven Days: June 25 – July 1, 1862
Culmination of “The Peninsula Campaign”
Union Army outnumbers Confederates: 100,000 to 15,000
Cautious McClellan continually asks for reinforcements
Finally attacks Lee’s smaller army outside of Richmond
Union Army soundly defeated
They’ll meet again a few months later in Maryland, at Antietam
Meanwhile, in the West….
“Little Mac”
vs.
“The Gray Fox”

9. General Ulysses S. Grant
The War in the West
Main Idea: In the West, Union forces seize control of most of the Mississippi River in 1862.
Grant is the man in the West
Mission: Capture & Control the Mississippi River
Captures Fort Henry
10 days later, takes Ft. Donelson
- Earns nickname “Unconditional Surrender” Grant
Grant & Sherman team up at the Battle of Shiloh (see p )
Loses over 13,000 men
South loses 11,000
North wins the battle
Grant isn’t afraid of heavy losses -as long as the Union gains Victory!
General Ulysses S. Grant

10. “Damn the torpedoes!”
Part 2 of the Anaconda Plan – Take control of the Mississippi River
2 weeks after Grant’s victory at Shiloh
David Farragut
And the battle of New Orleans

11. The Difference between East & West
The “Western Theater” is mostly for control of the Mississippi River
Shiloh
Vicksburg
New Orleans
Most battles in the “Eastern Theater” are in or near Virginia
Bull Run
“Peninsula Campaign”
Richmond
Antietam
p. 394

12. Lincoln’s (Incompetent) Generals
Between 1861 and 1863 Lincoln is plagued by a series of timid & incompetent generals.
George McClellan
Ambrose Burnside
Joseph Hooker
George Meade
“Little Mac”
Burnside
“Fighting Joe”
Meade

13. Battle of Antietam - September 17, 1862
Lee’s first attack of the North
Attempts to capture northern railroads & supply lines
McClellan must defend
Bloodiest Single Day battle in American history
Approx. 23,000 casualties
Lee retreats, leaves field to McClellan (he had Lee’s plans!)
McClellan doesn’t pursue
Lincoln uses Union “victory” to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
More on Antietam video…
Known as the Battle of Sharpsburg (Maryland) in the South