1. A New Era in the Soviet Union Chapter 13.4
Joseph Stalin
A New Era in the Soviet Union
Chapter 13.4

2. Table of contents Purge Gulag propaganda Collectivization NEP
Leon Trotsky
Party General Secretary
Five Year Plans
Collectivization
Purge
Gulag
propaganda

4. Russia Before Stalin Backwards, poor industry
Communists controlled banks, transportation
Still some money and capitalism

5. Lenin’s Last Days and the NEP
New Economic Policy.
Lenin allowed peasants and small companies to operate a business.
Larger industries, banking, and mines stayed under the control of the government.
The NEP saved the Soviet Union from economic disaster.
Lenin helped pull the Soviet Union out of the Great Depression by creating the

6. Lenin’s Death Creates Conflict
After Lenin’s death in 1924, there was a power struggle between the left and the right.
The left, Trotsky, wanted to end the NEP and quickly industrialize.
The right wanted to focus on building a socialist state and continue the NEP.

7. Trotsky vs. Stalin

8. The Rise of Stalin An intense rivalry between Trotsky and Stalin
Trotsky used his speaking skills and position to influence many high ranking official.
But Stalin gained the edge when he was appointed Party General Secretary.
An intense rivalry between Trotsky and Stalin erupted for control of the Communist Party

9. Rise of Stalin Cont. As Party General Secretary
to appoint : regional, district, city, and town secretaries.
appointed over 10,000 people
later vote and put Stalin in control of the Communist Party
Consolidated power:
Trotsky murdered,
eliminated all his enemies est. a dictatorship.
As Party General Secretary
to appoint : regional, district, city, and town secretaries.
Over time, Stalin appointed over 10,000 people who would later vote and put Stalin in control of the Communist Party.
Once Stalin had control he had Trotsky murdered, eliminated all his enemies, and established a dictatorship

10. 5 year plans Wants growth in Industry, agriculture, transportation
Government controls EVERYTHING
Sets goals that MUST be met
Rewards AND punishments
Not enough tools & machines
RESULT- Growth of industry,
But workers are still poor,
overworked

11. Stalin Takes Power Puts everything under government control
No private ownership
Demanded total Loyalty
Killed ANYONE who might threaten his power

12. Stalin’s Five-Years Plans
Five-Year Plans to transform USSR from an agricultural country into an industrialized giant.
1st emphasized the production of heavy machinery and oil.
problems were created,
especially in housing, paying, and feeding all the workers in the growing industrial cities.
Stalin began a series of Five-Year Plans to transform USSR from an agricultural country into an industrialized giant.
The first plan emphasized the production of heavy machinery and oil.
But many problems were created, especially in housing, paying, and feeding all the workers in the growing industrial cities

13. Stalin and Collectivization
rapid collectivization of agriculture.
- eliminate private farms
make people work collectively (together) on giant state run farms.
Collectivization had its costs.
hoarding of food
slaughter of livestock produced widespread famine
killed over 10 million peasants in
Stalin also began the rapid collectivization of agriculture.
- this was an attempt to eliminate private farms and make people work collectively (together) on giant state run farms.
Collectivization had its costs. The hoarding of food and the slaughter of livestock produced widespread famine that killed over 10 million peasants in

14. Collectivization Government controlled all agriculture
Forced farmers to give
up land
- killed those who resist
Farms are “collected” into huge areas, peasants forced to work for no profit

15. Stalin’s “Purges” Stalin “purged” the Communist Party.
- thousands of his “enemies” killed
army officers, diplomats, party officials, intellectuals, and average citizens.
additional 8 million Russians arrested and sent to forced labor camps in Siberia,
never returned.

16. Stalin’s Social Changes
Before : Communists promoted sexual liberation, divorce, and abortion.
Once in power, Stalin praised the family unit and outlawed abortion.
He fined or physically punished divorced fathers who did not support their children.

17. Terror Used terror as a weapon Letters not private to spies
No free press
Critics sent to the Gulag, labor camps

18. Thought Police Propaganda- Stalin used the media to boost morale
He made himself god-like
Censored art, music and books

19. Soviet Propaganda
Propaganda can serve to rally people behind a cause, but often- as in the case of totalitarianism- at the cost of exaggerating, misrepresenting, or even lying about the issues in order to gain that support.
(Don’t Write)The following propaganda posters were common in the Soviet Union during Joseph Stalin’s 30 year rule ( )

20. Document 2

21. document 2: Glory to Stalin – The great architect of communism!

22. Doc. 2: Under the leadership of the great Stalin - forward to Communism! Description: 1951

23. "Long live the workers’ and peasants’ Red Army - the true guard of the Soviet borders!" Gustav Klutsis, 1935

24. Don’t speak out!

28. The captain of the country of Soviets, leads us from victory to victory! 1933