1. CHAPTER 2
Logistics system

2. Outline of Chapter 2 Transportation Warehousing Inventory Packaging
2.1
Transportation
2.2
Warehousing
2.3
Inventory
2.4
Packaging
2.5
Handling
2.6
Distribution
4 sections. In today class, we will try to finish first two sections and a half of third section.

3. 2.4 Packaging 2.4.1 Introduction to Packaging
2.4.2 Common Packing Materials and Determinants
2.4.3 Packing Marks

4. 2.4.1 Introduction to Packaging
Packaging is the technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. It also refers to the process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages.
Packaging also involves the selection or construction of the shipping container and the assembling of items or packages therein, including any necessary blocking, bracing, or cushioning, weatherproofing, exterior strapping, and marking of shipping container for identification of contents.

5. 2.4.1 Introduction to Packaging
Types of Packages
Sales packaging.is normally with decoration and explanation. They are direct printing or sticking on the label or bar-code. Some products need to print the trade mark, brand name, place of original as well as specification and instruction.
Transport packaging. Transport packaging is also called outer packing. It can be divided into separated piece packing and together packing. Separated packing means the unit to pack the goods such as case, drum, bag, tin and roll.

6. 2.4.1 Introduction to Packaging
Purpose/Functions of Packaging
Reduce risk of damage and pilferage
Reduce the distribution cost
Handle the cargoes
Preservation of goods
Store and market the goods
Stow the cargo

7. 2.4.2 Common Packing Materials and Determinants
Plastic Materials
Aluminum

8. 2.4.2 Common Packing Materials and Determinants
Determinants of Packing
(1) Cargo properties
(2) Transport mode
(3) Customs of statutory requirements
(4) Weather conditions
(5) Ease of handling and stowage
(6) Insurance
(7) Cost of transportation

9. 2.4.3 Packing Marks
Packing mark is the mark to facilitate the cargo, transfer, stock or the mark to identify the goods and avoid damage.
Packing mark includes
shipping mark,
indicative mark,
warning mark and so on.

10. Shipping marks
Shipping marks are made of some numbers, characters or some simple words. Normally it will be printed on the outer packing.
Identification marks
It is also called subsidiary mark. For example: CON. NO.:94CL-H08 (合同号); ART.NO.:904A（货号）.
Indicative marks
Indicative marks are diagrams and simple words used to remind the relevant workers for attention when they handle the goods in the process of loading, unloading, carrying and storing, such as “HANDLE WITH CARE”, ‘KEEP DRY”, and so on.
Warning marks
Warning marks are also called dangerous cargo marks

11. 2.5 Handling 2.5.1 Introduction to Handling 2.5.2 Operation Machinery
2.5.3 Material Flow Management

12. Introduction of material handling
Material handling involves short-distance movement within the confines of a building or between a building and a transportation vehicle.
Material handling is concerned with moving, storing, and controlling material. It covers a wide of range of applications, such as luggage handling at an airport or parcel handling by an overnight delivery service.

13. Types of material handling
Manual handling
Automated handling
Handling systems
Handling system can be classified as mechanized, semi-automated, automated, and information-directed.

14. Operation Machinery
Material handling equipment is mechanical equipment used for the movement, storage, control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal.
The different types of material handling equipment can be classified into four major categories: transport equipment, positioning equipment, unit load formation equipment, and storage equipment.

15. Typical operation machineries during material handling process
(1) Lift trucks
(2) Walkie-rider pallet trucks
(3) Towlines
(4) Conveyors
(5) Carousels
(6) Robotics

16. Material Flow Management
Materials management is typically comprised of four basic activities:
Anticipating materials requirements
Sourcing and obtaining materials
Introducing materials into the organization
Monitoring the status of materials as a current asset.

17. Aspects of Materials Management
Integral aspects of materials management include
purchasing and procurement,
production control,
inbound traffic and transportation,
warehousing and storage,
MIS control,
inventory planning and control,
salvage and scrap disposal.

18. 2.6 Distribution
Distribution is a logistics end delivery service in which goods move from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time span. It includes both the physical movement of goods and handling of related procedures.

19. Distribution Channels
A channel of distribution can be defined as the collection of organization units, either internal or external to the manufacturer, which performs the functions involved in product marketing. The marketing functions are pervasive; they include buying, selling, transporting, storing, grading, financing, bearing market risk, and providing marketing information.

20. Distribution Centers
A distribution center for a set of products is a warehouse or other specialized building, often with refrigeration or air conditioning, which is stocked with products (goods) to be redistributed to retailers, to wholesalers, or directly to consumers.
A distribution center is a principal part, the order processing element, of the entire order fulfillment process.

21. Distribution Activities
(1) Stock-up
(2) Storage
(3) Processing
(4) Picking and groupage
(5) Multi-part loads
(6) Shipment in distribution
(7) Delivery service

22. aluminum
n. 铝
flexible
adj. 灵活的
coal
n. 煤炭
grain
n. 纹理，谷物
consignee
n. 收件人
hygienic
adj. 卫生的，保健的
consignor
n. 发货人，委托人
insulator
n. 绝缘体
coordinate
v. 协调，整合
ore
n. 矿，矿石
design
v. 设计n.图案
packaging marks 唛头
evaluate
v. 评价
resistance
n. 阻力，阻抗
conveyor
n. 输送机
logistics executive
物流总经理
carousel
n. 传送带
material handling
物料搬运
distribution
n. 配送
picking and groupage
拣选和分组
goods-in-process
n. 在制品
replenishment
n. 补货
alternative
n. 二选一的 adj.供选择的
pervasive
adj. 普遍的
distribution channel
分销渠道
promotion
n. 促销，晋升
distribution center
配送中心
substantial
adj. 大量的，实质的
foundation
n. 基础，根基
stock-up 备货
groupage
n. 货物合并装运
wholesaler
n. 零售商

23. Dialogue practice time
CHAPTER 2