1. Lecture 3.1 Oxidation and Naming

2. Ions are anything that has a charge
The charges are sometimes called oxidation numbers, or oxidation states
The oxidation number of compounds always add up to 0
Ex. NaCl, MgCl2

3. Pure elements are neutral, and have an oxidation number of 0
Ex. Ag, Na, S
Diatomic elements also have an oxidation number of 0 (memorize these)
Ex. H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

4. The Periodic Table can give us a hint to the oxidation numbers of ions
Elements between 3A and 7A may have different oxidation numbers! IA
IIA
IIIA
IVA VA
VIA
VIIA +1 +2 +3
+4/-4 -3 -2 -1

5. Practice
What is the oxidation numbers for the following atoms, if they were ions? Ca Mg O Cl Na N

6. Transition metals
Many transition metals can have multiple oxidation numbers
Depending on the oxidation number, the metals are named differently
There are two ways to name the metals, Latin roots (old way), and Stock Method (new way)

7. Copper, Cu, can have an oxidation of +1 or +2
Cu+ will be copper (I)
Cu2+ will be copper (II)
Iron, Fe, can have an oxidation of +2 or +3
Fe2+ will be iron (II)
Fe3+ will be iron (III)

8. For Stock Method, the Roman Numerals inside parentheses shows the oxidation number. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

9. Practice What is the oxidation number for the following atoms?
Gold (III)
Silver (II)
Lead (IV)

10. How to name ionic compounds
Binary ionic compounds are formed when a monoatomic cation (metal) and a monoatomic anion (non-metal) bond to form a compound
Ex. NaCl, CaCl2

11. To name ionic compounds, just add the names of the ions
All cations (metals) will have their elemental names
Anions (non-metals) are a little more complex

12. For example, fluorine will become fluoride
For monatomic anions, just add a “-ide” suffix to the root of the elemental name
For example, fluorine will become fluoride
Some common monatomic anion names:
Nitride, phosphide, oxide, sulfide, chloride, bromide, iodide

13. What is the binary ionic compound called
What is the binary ionic compound called? Metal name + root of non-metal + ide
Potassium chloride
Lithium oxide
Magnesium bromide
Aluminum sulfide
KCl
Li2O
MgBr2
Al2S3

14. Transitional Metal Practice
FeO
PbCl4
Co2O3
FeBr3
Iron (II) oxide
Lead (IV) chloride
Cobalt (III) oxide
Iron (III) bromide

15. Ternary Ionic Compounds
Most ternary ionic compounds will contain a monatomic cation, and a polyatomic anion
Just combine those two to name the compound

16. Please memorize the following polyatomic ions and their charges
Hydroxide OH-
Carbonate CO3 2-
Nitrate NO3-
Sulfate SO4 2-
Bromate BrO3 –
Phosphate PO4 3-
Ammonium NH4+

17. Examples of ternary compounds
Mg(NO3)2
Magnesium nitrate
K2SO4
Potassium sulfate
Warning: polyatomic ions are one big unit. Nitrate, NO3-, does not break down into an individual Nitrogen and 3 oxygen.

18. Writing formulas from names
What is the formula for aluminum nitride?
Since Al has a charge of 3+, and nitride of 3-, they are already balanced and we can leave the formula to just AlN
The ions have to balance each other out!
Al3+ N3-

19. Li+ O2- What is the formula for lithium oxide?
Lithium has a charge of 1+, oxide of 2-. We need to balance them. We need TWO lithium to balance the 2- charge of oxide. The formula becomes Li2O
Li+ O2-

20. What is the formula for aluminium oxide?
An easy method to balance the ions is to use the “cross over” method. Make sure to drop its charge.
The formula will become Al2O3
Two Al will be 6+, Three O will be 6-. They cancel out

21. When using the cross over method, also make sure to reduce the number
Example: Calcium sulfate
Ca2+ SO42-
Instead of Ca2(SO4)2, it is just CaSO4

22. What is the chemical formula?
Magnesium oxide
Calcium fluoride
Lithium hydroxide
Ammonium sulfate
Aluminum carbonate
Beryllium phosphate
MgO
CaF2
LiOH
(NH4)2SO4
Al2(CO3)3
Be3(PO4)2
Hydroxide OH-
Nitrate NO3-
Bromate BrO3 –
Cyanide CN-
Carbonate CO3 2-
Sulfate SO4 2-
Phosphate PO4 3-

23. Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)2 SnSO4 PbCO3 Iron (III) hydroxide Iron (II) hydroxide
Tin (II) sulfate
Lead (II) carbonate
Fe(OH)3
Fe(OH)2
SnSO4
PbCO3

24. Make instruction book/comic book on how to name ionic compounds, and write out equations of compounds. Make it colorful and easy to understand. I needs to include sample examples and figures/diagrams/pictures. Title it, put name and period on the cover.