1. Infinitives!
2014

2. All About Infinitives
Infinitives are verb forms that are translated with the word “to….”

3. All About Infinitives
There are 3 tenses of infinitives: present, perfect, and future.
Each tense has 2 voices: active and passive.

4. Present Active Infinitive
You learned the present active infinitive in Latin I.
The present active infinitive is the 2nd principal part of the verb…the one that ends in –re.
It’s translated “to (verb).”

5. Present Active Infinitive
amo, amare, amavi, amatus
doceo, docere, docui, doctus
mitto, mittere, misi, missus
capio, capere, cepi, captus
audio, audire, audivi, auditus
To love
To teach
To send
To capture
To hear

6. Present Passive Infinitive
Change the –re to –ri and you get the present passive infinitive.
***3rd and 3rd –io verbs change the entire –ere to –i (verbs that have –o, -ere or –io, -ere).
It’s translated “to be (verbed).”

7. Present Passive Infinitive
amo, amare, amavi, amatus
doceo, docere, docui, doctus
mitto, mittere, misi, missus
capio, capere, cepi, captus
audio, audire, audivi, auditus
AMARI: to be loved
DOCERI: to be taught
MITTI: to be sent
CAPI: to be captured
AUDIRI: to be heard

8. Perfect Active Infinitive
Take the 3rd principal part of the verb.
Drop the –i.
Add –isse.
Translated: “to have (verbed)”

9. Perfect Active Infinitive
amo, amare, amavi, amatus
doceo, docere, docui, doctus
mitto, mittere, misi, missus
capio, capere, cepi, captus
audio, audire, audivi, auditus
AMAVISSE:
to have loved
DOCUISSE:
to have taught
MISISSE:
to have sent
CEPISSE:
to have captured
AUDIVISSE:
to have heard

10. Perfect Passive Infinitive
Take the 4th principal part of the verb.
Add the helping verb “esse” (separate word, not as an ending)
Translated: “to have been (verbed)”

11. Perfect Passive Infinitive
amo, amare, amavi, amatus
doceo, docere, docui, doctus
mitto, mittere, misi, missus
capio, capere, cepi, captus
audio, audire, audivi, auditus
AMATUS ESSE:
to have been loved
DOCTUS ESSE:
to have been taught
MISSUS ESSE:
to have been sent
CAPTUS ESSE:
to have been captured
AUDITUS ESSE:
to have been heard

12. Future Active Infinitive
Take the 4th principal part of the verb.
Change the –us to –urus.
Add the helping verb “esse” (separate word, not as an ending)
Translated: “to be going to (verb)” OR “to be about to (verb)”

13. Future Active Infinitive
amo, amare, amavi, amatus
doceo, docere, docui, doctus
mitto, mittere, misi, missus
capio, capere, cepi, captus
audio, audire, audivi, auditus
AMATURUS ESSE:
to be about to love
DOCTURUS ESSE:
to be about to teach
MISSURUS ESSE:
to be about to send
CAPTURUS ESSE:
to be about to capture
AUDITURUS ESSE:
to be about to hear

14. Future Passive Infinitive
Take the 4th principal part of the verb.
Change the –us to –um
Add the helping verb “iri” (separate word, not as an ending)
Translated: “to be going to be (verbed)” OR “to be about to be (verbed)”
This form is rare. 

15. Future Passive Infinitive
amo, amare, amavi, amatus
doceo, docere, docui, doctus
mitto, mittere, misi, missus
capio, capere, cepi, captus
audio, audire, audivi, auditus
AMATUM IRI:
to be about to be loved
DOCTUM IRI:
to be about to be taught
MISSUM IRI:
to be about to be sent
CAPTUM IRI:
to be about to be captured
AUDITUM IRI:
to be about to be heard

16. What an Infinitive Chart Looks Like:
ACTIVE
Present amare to love
Perfect amavisse to have loved
Future amaturus esse to be about to love
PASSIVE
amari to be loved
amatus esse to have been loved
amatum iri to be about to be loved