1. Hierarchy of Biological Order
Packet #2
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

2. Objectives Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

3. Hierarchy
The living world is a hierarchy with each level of biological structure building on the level below it
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

4. Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

5. Hierarchy Vocabulary Atom Molecule Unit of matter
Smallest unit of an element
Having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central positively charged nucleus
Molecule
Particle composed of one or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

6. Vocabulary II Organelle Tissue Organ
Differentiated structure within a cell that performs a specific function
Tissue
Group of usually similar cells that together carry out a specific function
Organ
Structure of an organism usually composed of several tissue types--organized into a functional unit
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

7. Vocabulary III Organ System Population Community
Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific bodily function
Population
A group of individuals of the same species, found in the same time and place, and potentially interbreeding
Community
Two or more populations of different species living and interacting in the same area
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

8. Vocabulary IV Ecosystem
All organisms and their non-living environment within a defined area
One or more communities together with their non-living surroundings
Undergoes dynamic changes
Succession
Ecological community is gradually replaced by another
Competition
Occurs when different species living in the same environment (habitat) utilize the same limited resources
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

9. Vocabulary V Biosphere
The part of the earth inhabited by living organisms
Includes both living and non-living components
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

10. Hierarchy I Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

11. Hierarchy II Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

12. Recycling of Atoms & Molecules
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

13. The Water Cycle Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

14. Water Cycle
The cycle of evaporation and condensation that control’s the distribution of earth's water
Water is vital and must be available to all living things
Abiotic and biotic processes are involved in the cycling of water in the environment
Abiotic
All physical and non-living chemical processes or factors
Precipitation
Evaporation
Condensation
Runoff
Percolation
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

15. Water Cycle II
Biotic
Chemical processes produced or caused by living organisms
Photosynthesis
Transpiration
Respiration
Excretion
Each process involves water as a reactant, product or solvent and helps to cycle it through the environment to make it readily available to living organisms
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

16. The Carbon Cycle
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

17. Carbon Cycle Five Steps
Carbon dioxide are taken in by plants
Carbon incorporated into plant tissue
Plants consumed by animals
Carbon incorporated into animal tissue
Animal breathes out carbon dioxide
Teacher Notes/Extra Credit
Keep in mind, when plants and animals die, they decay resulting in the production of CO2 by the microorganisms
The decayed bodies are transformed into fossil fuels; burned by humans producing carbon dioxide
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

18. The Nitrogen Cycle
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

19. Nitrogen Cycle
The process whereby nitrogen passes from the atmosphere into living things and ultimately back into the atmosphere.
Nitrogen Cycle makes nitrogen available for protein synthesis
Nitrogen is an elemental component of the class of compounds known as proteins
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

20. Nitrogen Cycle II Air & Ground
Nitrogen gas converted to nitrate salts
Plants absorb nitrate salts*
Nitrate salts converted into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria
If plants do not absorb nitrate salts
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

21. Nitrogen Cycle III Ground Only
Plants absorb nitrate salts
Nitrate salts used in formation of plant proteins
Plants consumed by animals
Plant proteins converted to animal proteins
Animal dies
Proteins returned to soil
Proteins, in soil, broken down to ammonia
Ammonia converted to nitrate salts
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© Ryan Barrow 2008

22. Nitrogen Cycle IV Bacteria
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Converts nitrogen gas to nitrate salts
Lives on the roots of legumes
Decomposing bacteria (decomposer)
Feeds on and breaks down decaying plant or animal matter
Produces ammonia
Nitrifying bacteria
Absorbs ammonia and coverts it into nitrate salts
Denitrifying bacteria
Reduce** nitrates to nitrites or nitrogen gas
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© Ryan Barrow 2008