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Organic Molecules
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Organic Molecules are….
Molecules that contain carbon
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Carbon is important to living organisms for several reasons….
Carbon is found in all living things Complex molecules are made up of carbon bonding with other elements to make biological building blocks
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Building blocks link together to form complex molecules
Monomers are building blocks. Monomers bond together to form long chains called polymers.
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4 types of Biomolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
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1. Carbohydrates Sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products.
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Function Quick/short- term energy Energy storage Structure
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Elements (C,H,O) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
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Monomer: Monosaccharide
Simple sugars EX: glucose, fructose, galactose
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Polysaccharides many monomers joined together
Starch energy storage in plants Glycogen energy storage in animals Cellulose support for plant cell walls Chitin support in exoskeletons of arthropods
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EX: Carbohydrates Identify each example as a monosaccharide or polysaccharide.
fruit potatoes pasta honey exoskeleton
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Chitin does which of the following functions?
Energy storage in animals Support in exoskeletons of arthropods Energy storage in plants Support for plant cells
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2. Lipids A group of biological molecules that generally do not dissolve in water
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Found in… Vegetable oil Animal fats Waxes Cell Membranes
Steroids/Hormones Candle wax Lipid bilayer of cell membrane
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Function Insulation Protection Long term energy storage
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Elements (C, H, O) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
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Monomers Glycerol Fatty acids
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Polymer Ex. Triglyceride = Glycerol and three fatty acids
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Phosphate group, 2 fatty acids & glycerol
Ex. Phospholipid Phosphate group, 2 fatty acids & glycerol
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A. Carbohydrate B. Lipid C. Amino Acids D. Hydrolysis
Long-term, back-up energy storage and insulation are the functions of which biomolecule? A. Carbohydrate B. Lipid C. Amino Acids D. Hydrolysis
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3. Proteins Large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body
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Found in… muscle skin hair
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Functions Structure Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes)
Regulate body processes (antibodies & hormones)
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Elements (C, H, O, N) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
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Monomer Amino Acids (20 different kinds)
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Polymer Peptide bond Amino acids are joined together to form protein
The bond between amino acids is called a PEPTIDE BOND. Peptide bond
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If you put many of these molecules together (by removing water), what larger molecule will they form? A. Protein B. Carbohydrate C. Lipid D. Nucleic Acid
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4. Nucleic Acids Function: Store, transmit, and transfer genetic information Examples: DNA & RNA Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
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Monomer Nucleotide (3 parts)
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Polymer
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Review Carbon Compounds Include 4 types Made up of Made up of
which contain which contain which contain which contain EX: EX: EX: EX:
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Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous
Review Carbon Compounds Include 4 types Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Made up of Made up of Made up of Made up of Monosaccharides Glycerol & fatty acids Amino Acids Nucleotides which contain which contain which contain which contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous EX: EX: EX: EX:
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Carbohydrates and lipids Proteins and carbohydrates
An advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which two biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits? Carbohydrates and lipids Proteins and carbohydrates Nucleic acids and carbohydrates Lipids and nucleic acids
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Which of the following best describes these biomolecules?
Molecule X and Molecule Y are both carbohydrates. Molecule X is a nucleic acid, and Molecule Y is a carbohydrate. Molecule X and Molecule Y are both nucleic acids. Molecule X is a carbohydrate, and Molecule Y is a nucleic acid.
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Cornell Summary & Study Questions
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