1. Chinggis/Genghis Khan (r. 1206-27)
Map Link: The Mongol Dominions, :
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2. Khanate of the Golden Horde
Chaghatay Khanate
Il-Khanate
Great Khanate of China and Mongolia

3. Khanate of the Golden Horde a.k.a. Qipchaq
Tatars Saray

4. 1257-67 Reign of Berke, who converts to
Islam
Reign of Uzbeg, who converts to
Islam, suppresses pagan priests and
founds New Saray
1359 Civil war breaks out in Khanate of the
Golden Horde
1377 Toqtamish takes control, comes into
conflict with Timur Lang

5. Il-Khanate, founded by Hulagu (d. 1265),
who became Il-Khan

6. 1265 Death of Hulagu heralds conflict among
Mongol nobility of Il-Khanate
Reign of Ghazan, who converts to Islam
and orders destruction of churches,
synagogues and Buddhist temples Tabriz
Reign of Uljaytu, who builds new capital
at Sultaniya
1335 Death of Abu Sa‘id (r ) followed by
civil war and fragmentation of Il-Khanate

7. Tomb of Uljaytu, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13)

8. Chaghatay Khanate, named after Chaghatay
From Transoxiana to Xinjiang, incl. Tarim
Basin
Bukhara Kebek
(r )
Uighurs

9. 1326-34 Reign of Tarmashirin, who converts
from Buddhism to Islam and imposes
faith on nobility
1327 Nobility rebel against Tarmashirin
1334 Khanate divided into Moghulistan in
north-east and Transoxiana, which
degenerates into fragmented region
riven with internal conflict

10. Great Khanate of China and Mongolia
Yuan dynasty
1350s Chinese hostility to Mongols turns into
series of religiously-based rebellions
1368 Yuan rulers overthrown. Foundation of
Ming dynasty

11. Al-Juvayni ( )
‘Ala al-Din ‘Ata-Malik ibn Muhammad
al-Juvayni
Persian governor and historian, author of
Ta’rikh-i Jahan-Gushay (The History of
the World Conqueror)
From family of bureaucrats that passed into
service of Mongol conquerors

12. Al-Juvayni ( )
Served in Mongol administration
Accompanied Hulagu (d. 1265) on campaigns
in Persia and Iraq
Subsequently served as governor of Baghdad.
Attempted to improve lot of peasants

13. Al-Juvayni ( )
1281 Arrested on charges of embezzlement,
then released, then arrested on charges
of treason, then released, then heard was
accuse of embezzlement again and had a
fatal stroke
Uses mixture of own experience and second-
hand accounts in work
Prone to exaggeration, especially of numbers