Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Life and Living Things Cells
2
It is the basic unit of living things.
What is a Cell? A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. It is the basic unit of living things.
3
What is the smallest part of this living thing?
Cells !
4
Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke (mid-1600s) Observed sliver of cork
Saw “row of empty boxes” Coined the term cell
5
Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
6
Characteristics of All Cells
A surrounding membrane Protoplasm – cell contents in thick fluid Organelles – structures for cell function Control center with DNA
7
Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
8
Cells Complete the web with four characteristics of cells.
All organisms -living things- are made of cells. Cells do the jobs that keep organisms alive. Cells Cells are the smallest part of a living thing. These cells are like tiny building blocks.
9
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
10
Prokaryotic Cells First cell type on earth
Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
11
Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria
12
Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus
Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranes
13
Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane
Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells Possess many organelles Protozoan
14
Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms Plant Animal
15
“Typical” Plant Cell
16
Representative Plant Cell
17
Label the plant cell. nucleus chloroplasts Cell wall cytoplasm
Cell membrane
18
Cell Organelles Cell Parts are referred to as organelles.
19
Surrounding the Cell
20
Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer Holds the parts of the cell together
21
Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells
22
Inside the Cell
23
Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains DNA
Surrounded by a double membrane Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope Usually one per cell Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.
24
Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus
25
Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics
26
Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins
27
Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane
Contains hereditary material
28
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
29
Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell
30
Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
31
Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell
32
Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
33
Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape
34
Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose) production Where photosynthesis takes place
35
Compare and Contrast plant and animal cells.
Animal Cells Plant Cells Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Vacuoles Chloroplasts Nucleus Cell membrane Cytoplasm Vacuoles Nucleus
36
Cell Transport Diffusion: a process in which particles of a substance move from one area that has too many particles, to an area that does not have enough.
37
Cell Transport Osmosis: Movement of water and dissolved materials through the cell membrane. It is like a water filtration system.
38
Cell Transport Passive Transport: It is like traveling in a canoe downstream. The current carries the canoe and you don’t need energy to do it. Active Transport: It is like traveling in a canoe upstream. You must use energy to paddle against the current to make the canoe move.
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.