1. SOCI 102/122 Diversity of Peoples and Cultures
Session 5 –– INDUSTRIALIZATION AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Lecturer: Dr. Dan-Bright S. Dzorgbo, UG
Contact Information:

2. Session Overview Introduction
This session examines industrialization as the most recent adaptive strategy that humans have invented. Industrial production began in the 18th and 19th century Europe and that is the period sociology also emerged as a scientific study of society. This industrial process spread across the globe through a variety of processes but mainly the conquering and subjugation of other societies in the world. Most of these subjugated societies are striving to industrialize while others mostly the western societies are far advanced that some scholars maintain that they have entered post-industrial state and even are becoming post-modern societies. Industrialization is also said by some scholars to be globalizing the world, i.e. the world is becoming increasingly a one world in terms production and consumption, cultural values, etc..
Objectives
At the end of the session, the student will be able to:
Explain what industrial production and industrial societies are
Identify the characteristic features of industrialism
Determine the effects of industrialization on society and human relations
Dr. Dan-Bright S. Dzorgbo, Sociology Dept. UG

3. Session Outline
The key topics to be covered in the session are as follows:
Topic One: Industrial production and industrial societies
Topic Two: Features of Industrial societies
Topic Three: Effects of industrialization on society and human relations
Dr. Dan-Bright S. Dzorgbo, Sociology Dept. UG

4. Reading List
Assimeng, M. (1999), Social Structure of Ghana, Tema, Ghana Publishing Corporation.
Kottak, C. P. (2004), Cultural Anthropology, Boston, McGraw Hill Corporation.
Kottak, C. P. (2004), Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity, Boston, McGraw Hill Corporation.
Nolan, P. & G. Lenski, (2004 or any of the newer editions), Human Societies: An introduction to macrosociology, Boulder Paradigm Publishers.
Nukunya, G. K. (2006), Tradition and change in Ghana: An introduction to sociology, Accra, Ghana University Press.
Sanderson, S. K. & A. S. Alderson (2005 or its newer editions), World societies: the evolution of human life, Boston, Pearson Education Inc.
Dr. Dan-Bright S. Dzorgbo, Sociology Dept. UG

5. Topic One: Industrial Production and Societies
Industrial production involves the use of scientific knowledge and technology in the productive process. It involves the organization of people on large scale to under take a productive process. Industrial production involves the reorganization and transformation of earlier or existing adaptive strategies to secure a living.
Industrial societies are also known as the advanced societies, or the modern societies, or the Western and Eastern societies, or the North, or the First and Second world countries.
Examples are the US, Britain, France, Germany Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Sweden, Norway, etc.
These are countries whose economic production system is driven mainly by science and technology
Dr. Dan-Bright S. Dzorgbo, Sociology Dept. UG

6. Session Two: Features of Industrial societies and human relations Sociology as Science
Industrial societies have the following features:
They are societies with large with large numbers of people—high population and most of their members live in cities or urban communities
Member of modern societies are diverse in ethnicity, religion, culture, occupations and so these people are heterogeneous
Most people have to work in large organizations and institutions also known as bureaucracy
There is high division of labour and most people are specialists in their own fields and jobs
The products of people labour are appropriated by others—(managers, business owners and the state) and so workers experience alienation which means they do not own the products of their labour, they are alienated from them
Dr. Dan-Bright S. Dzorgbo, Sociology Dept. UG

7. Session Three: Effects of industrialization
The effects of industrializations are mainly. The major ones are:
People are alienated from the products of their labour so the feel they are working for others, they do no feel pride that they owned the end product of their activities
People are no long as emotional and affectionate, they develop more and more impersonal relationships with their products, coworkers and employers
People sell their labour for cash and they are very calculative in what they do.
They want to maximize the income and lower their costs
Most people’s relationships derive work place, kinship is no longer the only basis for developing relationship.
Dr. Dan-Bright S. Dzorgbo, Sociology Dept. UG

8. CONCLUSION In this session we have examined:
What industrial production and industrial societies are; their features and as well as effects on humans
Industrial societies are quite distinct from traditional societies.
Unlike traditional societies which are small and based mainly on kinship relations, industrial societies have large and complex based more on occupational relationship.
All societies seem to have evolved or are evolving from foraging, through horticultural, agricultural to industrialized level
There are fundamental differences in how the organize to make a living.
Dr. Dan-Bright S. Dzorgbo, Sociology Dept. UG