1. If you lose your nerves, at least you will not get kidney fibrosis!
Peter Boor, Marios E. Papasotiriou 
Kidney International 
Volume 87, Issue 2, Pages (February 2015)
DOI: /ki
Copyright © 2015 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Renal innervation, neurotransmitters, and their involvement in fibrogenesis in ischemia/reperfusion injury and unilateral ureteral obstruction models. (a) The sympathetic preganglionic neurons (green line) begin from the intermediolateral cell column (IMDCC; green dot in spinal cord; T5–T9 level) and pass through the sympathetic chain to the celiac ganglion. Here they synapse with postganglionic fibers that run alongside the renal artery and innervate the kidney. The sympathetic nerves innervate both vascular and tubular structures throughout the kidney except in the inner medulla. Sensory nerves (yellow line) pass back to the central nervous system with the thoracic splanchnic nerves. The majority of sensory afferent fibers are located in the renal pelvic wall and in adventitia of larger renal vessels. (b) Sympathetic efferent nerve fibers act via norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y secretion, binding to α1-, α2A-, α2B-, α2C-, β1-, β2-, and β3-adrenergic receptors (ARs) and neuropeptide Y 1–5 receptors (NPY1–5R), respectively. Sensory afferent nerve fibers act via calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, binding to CGRP and neurokinin 1 receptors (NK1R), respectively. As shown by Kim and Pandanilam,2,4 renal denervation diminishes norepinephrine and CGRP in renal tissue after I/R and UUO and has a favorable effect on fibrosis. α2-AR and CGRP receptor antagonists lead to a reduction in interstitial fibrosis, while α1- and β-AR antagonists, neuropeptide Y, and substance P have no effect on renal fibrogenesis.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /ki )
Copyright © 2015 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions