1. Matter

2. Matter anything that has mass and takes up space states of matter
solid - definite shape and volume
liquid - definite volume, no definite shape
gas - no definite shape or volume
plasma – photons moving at high velocity (sun, fluorescent lights)

3. Law of Conservation of Matter
matter is neither created nor destroyed in any chemical process
Matter can just change form
Law of Conservation of Mass
Because matter is not created nor destroyed,
the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products

4. Types of Matter

5. Substance
Pure form of matter, can not be physically separated. Two types:
Elements–
a pure substance made up of only one kind of atom
Periodic Table of the Elements: carbon, nitrogen
Compound –
two or more elements chemically bonded
sodium chloride (NaCl)
magnesium oxide (MgO)

6. Mixture- A blend of two or more pure substances
Not chemically combined
Can be separated
Heterogeneous mixture –
a mix with visibly different parts
granite
chocolate chip cookies
Homogeneous mixture –
does not contain visibly different parts ( looks same throughout)
Kool Aid
Seawater
Air-

7. Properties of Matter Physical properties Chemical properties density
color
melting point
boiling point
Chemical properties
Flammability/ combustibility
Reactivity

8. Physical Changes Does NOT alter the identity of the substance.
Can affect the size, shape or state of matter but not the composition.
Ex: Ice  water  steam
Changes state but not composition- H2O
A good indicator of a physical change is if it is reversible

9. Other Examples of Physical Changes
Cutting
Crushing
***Dissolving ***

10. Chemical Changes Does alter the identity of the substance
A new substance (s) is made with different properties
Ex: Na + Cl NaCl
Sodium (grey highly reactive metal) + chlorine (a poisonous green gas) produces sodium chloride (table salt)

11. Indicators of a Chemical Change

12. 1. Energy Change Fire, heat, electricity,
light, or a temperature change (gets hot or cold)

13. 2. Produces a Precipitate~ a solid formed from 2 liquids

14. 3. Releases a Gas
Ex: Bubbles or fizzing

15. 4. Color Change

16. Separating Mixtures

17. 1. Filtration- separates by particle size.

18. 2. Chromatography- separates by molecular size
2. Chromatography- separates by molecular size. The smaller, lighter molecules travel the farthest up the paper

19. 3. Magnetism

20. 4. Distillation- uses the different boiling points of compounds

21. 5. Density: Decanting/ Centrifuging- More dense liquid/solid on bottom less dense on top

22. 6. Crystallization via Evaporation

23. Separating Compounds there is only one technique used to separate compounds and that is…

24. 7. Electrolysis- separates a compound by running an electrical current through it.

25. Changes in State of Matter

26. Changes in State
a physical change of a substance from one state of matter to another
ALWAYS involves a change in energy

27. Endothermic Phase Change
Absorbs energy
solid  liquid (Melting)
liquid  gas (Vaporization aka Boiling)
Molecules must overcome the attractive forces holding them in the more condensed state

28. Exothermic Phase changes
Releases Energy
Molecules go from a higher energy state to a lower energy state
gas  liquid (Condensation)
liquid  solid (Freezing)

29. Evaporation
Form of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid.
Some liquids evaporate more quickly due to lower boiling point
Ex: Water versus Rubbing Alcohol
Volatile liquids