1. Care and Problems of the Cardiovascular System
If heart disease runs in your family, you need to make careful choices now to promote a lifetime of cardiovascular health.

2. In this lesson, you will learn to:
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
Discuss health promotion and prevention of cardiovascular disease
Examine the effects of health behaviors on the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
Identify warning signs that prompt individuals to seek health care

3. Health Behaviors and the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Healthful Habits
Follow a well-balanced diet that is low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt.
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels.
Participate in regular aerobic exercise for at least 30 minutes three to four times per week.
Avoid the use of tobacco products and exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke.
Avoid illegal drugs, including stimulants, marijuana, and ecstasy (MDMA).

4. Health Behaviors and the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is an indicator of cardiovascular health.
Chronic high blood pressure is an early indicator of several cardiovascular system problems and should prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care.
Prevention of high blood pressure includes staying physically active, avoiding tobacco and drugs, and following a healthful eating plan that is low in salt.

5. Cardiovascular System Problems
Common Cardiovascular System Problems
Congenital Heart Defects
Cardiovascular Disease
Heart Murmur
Varicose Veins
Anemia
Leukemia
Hemophilia

6. Cardiovascular System Problems
Congenital Heart Defects
Most congenital heart defects require medication and possibly surgery to repair the affected portion of the heart.
Use of alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy is associated with heart defects in newborns.
Certain infections during pregnancy can also increase the risk of congenital heart defects.
Some cases may be hereditary.

7. Cardiovascular System Problems
Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is actually a group of diseases of the cardiovascular system that includes hypertension, heart disease, and stroke.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 95,000 Americans die of CVD each year.
Many of these diseases are associated with lifestyle behaviors.
Early detection is important for reducing the risk for CVD.

8. Cardiovascular System Problems
Heart Murmur
Heart murmurs are abnormal sounds that are made as blood flows through the heart.
Some heart murmurs may be very slight and disappear without treatment.
Other murmurs can be an indication of problems in the heart, such as the valve between the left atrium and ventricle not closing properly, and may require surgery.

9. Cardiovascular System Problems
Varicose Veins
Varicose veins form if valves in the veins do not close tightly enough to prevent backflow of blood.
Varicose veins become enlarged and can be painful.
Weakened valves can be the result of a congenital defect or natural aging.
Treatment includes reducing standing time, exercise, elevating legs when sleeping, and in severe cases, surgery to remove the affected vein.

10. Cardiovascular System Problems
Anemia
Anemia can result from low numbers of red blood cells or from low concentrations of hemoglobin in the blood.
The most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency, which can be avoided by eating foods high in iron.
Taking an iron supplement also may be recommended by a medical professional.

11. Cardiovascular System Problems
Leukemia
The abnormal white blood cells cannot function properly, making the leukemia patient very susceptible to infection.
Because all blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, the uncontrolled production of white blood cells can hinder the production of red blood cells and platelets.
The result is infection, severe anemia, or uncontrolled bleeding.
Chemotherapy and radiation are among the treatment options.

12. Cardiovascular System Problems
Hemophilia
Hemophilia is an inherited disorder in which the blood does not clot properly.
This may cause uncontrolled bleeding that can occur spontaneously or as a result of injury.
Bleeding can take place internally in muscles, tissues of the digestive and urinary tract, and the joints.
It may also occur externally as a result of injury or surgery.
Treatment for hemophilia includes injections that introduce the missing clotting factors into the blood.

13. Lymphatic System Problems
Some Common Problems with the Lymphatic System
Immune Deficiency
Hodgkin’s Disease
Tonsillitis

14. Lymphatic System Problems
Immune Deficiency
Immune deficiencies occur when the immune system can no longer protect against infection.
Some deficiencies may be congenital, and others can be caused by HIV.
A weakened immune system may be the result of natural aging or a side effect of chemotherapy.

15. Lymphatic System Problems
Hodgkin’s Disease
Hodgkin’s disease, or Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is found in lymph nodes and the spleen.
Early detection and treatment, as in all types of cancer, is essential for recovery.
Treatment may include removal of lymph nodes, radiation, and chemotherapy.

16. Lymphatic System Problems
Tonsillitis
Tonsils help reduce the number of pathogens entering the body through the respiratory system.
Infected tonsils, or tonsillitis, is most often treated with antibiotics.
Chronic cases may call for surgical removal of the tonsils.

17. Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. ______ is a measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body.
Blood pressure
2. Systolic
Diastolic
4. Cardiovascular disease

18. A. 1. blood pressure Quick Review - Answer
Blood pressure is a measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body.
Click Next to attempt another question.

19. Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. Which of the following is NOT a problem that can occur in the lymphatic system?
Whooping cough
Immune deficiencies
Hodgkin’s disease
Tonsillitis

20. A. 1. whooping cough Quick Review - Answer
Problems that can occur in the lymphatic system do NOT include the following: whooping cough.
Click Next to attempt another question.

21. Q. Which of the following is NOT a good health promotion behavior?
Quick Review
Q. Which of the following is NOT a good health promotion behavior?
Following a well-balanced diet
Maintaining a healthy weight
Eating the leftovers after a big dinner the same evening
Avoiding the use of tobacco products and illegal drugs

22. A. 3. Eating the leftovers after a big dinner the same evening
Quick Review - Answer
A. 3. Eating the leftovers after a big dinner the same evening
Good health promotion behavior does NOT include eating the leftovers after a big dinner the same evening.
Click Next to attempt another question.

23. Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. In most cases, early detection of cardiovascular disorders is not necessary to prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care.
True
False

24. Quick Review - Answer
A. False. In most cases, early detection of cardiovascular disorders is necessary to prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care.
Click Next to attempt another question.

25. End of Lesson 2
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26. Health Behaviors and the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is an indicator of cardiovascular health.
Chronic high blood pressure is an early indicator of several cardiovascular system problems and should prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care.
Prevention of high blood pressure includes staying physically active, avoiding tobacco and drugs, and following a healthful eating plan that is low in salt.
Blood pressure is a measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body.

27. Cardiovascular System Problems
Congenital Heart Defects
Most congenital heart defects require medication and possibly surgery to repair the affected portion of the heart.
Use of alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy is associated with heart defects in newborns.
Certain infections during pregnancy can also increase the risk of congenital heart defects.
Some cases may be hereditary.
Congenital is a condition that is present at birth.

28. Cardiovascular System Problems
Anemia
Anemia can result from low numbers of red blood cells or from low concentrations of hemoglobin in the blood.
The most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency, which can be avoided by eating foods high in iron.
Taking an iron supplement also may be recommended by a medical professional.
Anemia is a condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced.

29. Cardiovascular System Problems
Leukemia
The abnormal white blood cells cannot function properly, making the leukemia patient very susceptible to infection.
Because all blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, the uncontrolled production of white blood cells can hinder the production of red blood cells and platelets.
The result is infection, severe anemia, or uncontrolled bleeding.
Chemotherapy and radiation are among the treatment options.
Leukemia is a form of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produced excessively and abnormally.

30. Lymphatic System Problems
Hodgkin’s Disease
Hodgkin’s disease, or Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is found in lymph nodes and the spleen.
Early detection and treatment, as in all types of cancer, is essential for recovery.
Treatment may include removal of lymph nodes, radiation, and chemotherapy.
Hodgkin’s disease is a type of cancer that affects the lymph tissue.

31. A. Correct! Blood pressure is a measure of the amount of
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! Blood pressure is a measure of the amount of
force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels,
particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the
body.
RHS crowding
Click Next to attempt another question.

32. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

33. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! Problems that can occur in the lymphatic system do NOT include the following: whooping cough.
Click Next to attempt another question.

34. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

35. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! Good health promotion behavior does NOT include the following: eating the leftovers after a big dinner the same evening.
Click Next to attempt another question.

36. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

37. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! In most cases, early detection of cardiovascular disorders is necessary to prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care.
Click Next to attempt another question.

38. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.