1. Secessionist Tradition Handout and Questions
Kentucky Resolution (1798) …
Is about nullification
Central questions regarding ambiguity of Constitution …
Could states leave the Union, and was this Union permanent?
“[But] whensoever the general government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force. [And the general government is not the] final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself.”

2. Antebellum Era Quiz Moral Issue regarding the Civil War …
Legal Issue regarding the Civil War …

3. Mexican-American War, 1846-48
- Adds to sectional tensions between North and South because?
Wilmot Proviso – proposed legislation to ban slavery from “Mexican Cession”; proposed in 1846, ‘47, & ‘48

4. “Popular Sovereignty”
This is the idea that the people of a territory will vote by popular majority whether they want to allow slavery.
Law meant to help slave owners recapture escaped slaves
Only an affidavit or testimony needed for an arrest
Accused had no right to testify
Judges often ruled in favor of slave owners

5. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859)
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
“[African Americans] had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the [he] might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit.”
John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859)
Intended to begin slave rebellions all across the South in capturing 100,000 rifles and muskets at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

6. “America, The Story of Us – Civil War” video concerning, interesting facts about day-to-day aspects of Civil War life:
Minie ball …
Civil War soldiers pinning names on uniforms …

7. Interesting facts about day-to-day aspects of Civil War life:
Deaths from infections compared to combat …
Wartime photography and correspondence impacting the war…

8. Battle of Fort Sumter The South Secedes
The Beginning - South Carolina Legislature calls for a special convention on Dec. 20, 1860 to secede from the Union.
Fort Sumter in South Carolina falls on April 13, 1861.

9. Alexander Stephens’ Cornerstone Speech … (March 21, 1861)
“Our new government is founded upon exactly [this] idea; its foundations are laid, its corner- stone rests upon the great truth, that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery -- subordination to the superior race -- is his natural and normal condition. This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth.”

10. What were the advantages of the North and South?

11. Advantages of North and South
North South
Larger Population - Knew the geography
Manufactured goods - Better generals
Better Navy Better morale
More farms - War strategy
Railroads, tech., etc. ** South experienced
Banking capital 9,000 % inflation
** financing the war!!!
North: Loaf of Bread, $0.05 before war, $0.09 by end of war.
South: Loaf of Bread, $0.05 before war, $450 in Confederate bills by end of war.

12. What were the different war strategies of the North and South?

13. War Strategy - North and South
** Many on both sides believed it would be a short war.
North South
“Anaconda Plan” - War of attrition
Blockade of Confederate ports - Break North’s resolve
Divide the South in two halves to continue fighting
Take the Mississippi River - Offensive victories
Destroy South’s railway systems - Foreign intervention

14. Anaconda Plan

15. Why is it important for the North to retain the Border States?

16. Border States * Importance of Maryland & Delaware …
* Importance of Missouri and Kentucky …

17. Battle of Antietam (Maryland)
Location of Battle
Date: Sept. 17, 1862

18. Commanding Generals What came before: “Maryland Campaign”
Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, Army of the Potomac (USA)
Gen. Robert E. Lee, Army of Northern Virginia (CSA)

19. Battle Site - Battle of Antietam

20. Overview - Battle of Antietam
Confederates attempt a victory on northern soil; Union repels advance; and Army of Northern Virginia withdraws
Possible foreign recognition … (Great Britain or possibly France)
Leads to the Emancipation
Proclamation!!

21. Stage One – “The Cornfield”

22. Stage Two – “The Dunker Church”

23. Stage Three – “Burnside’s Bridge”

24. Impact - Battle of Antietam
Confederates withdraw
No foreign recognition …
McClellan removed …
Leads to the Emancipation
Proclamation!!

25. General Burnside

26. Analyzing the Emancipation Proclamation
Turn to page 933 and read the “Emancipation Proclamation” answering these questions but you do not have to write these in your notes.
(1) What is the main purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?
(2) How long shall these slaves remain free?
(3) What does “the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons” mean?

27. Emancipation Proclamation
Who is freed by the Emancipation Proclamation?
Slaves in the South, not border states nor states already under Union authority
What did it achieve?
Technically, did not immediately free any slaves
Pledged the Union Army to assist in freeing slaves
Encouraged African Americans to join Union Army
By what powers did President Lincoln achieve this?
“War Powers” outlined in Constitution as Commander-in-Chief
How did this change the war for the Union?
Means the North is fighting to save the Union and is fighting to abolish slavery

28. What is President Lincoln’s Principle Objective for War?
Letter to Horace Greeley of “New York Tribune” on Aug. 22, 1862:
Lincoln states, “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I don't believe it would help to save the Union.”

29. Battle of Gettysburg (Pennsylvania), July 1-3, 1863
Gen. Lee, again, attempts to invade the North.
Day One – Union forces take the high ground surrounding the city
- Union forces attempt to stall Confederate advances
Day Two – Union lines organized in a “fish-hook” formation
- Confederates attempt to get around Union lines at “Little Round Top”
Day Three – Gen. Lee is convinced that Union forces must be weak in the middle, so he orders “Pickett’s Charge”

30. “Little Round Top”
“Pickett’s Charge”

31. Siege of Vicksburg (Mississippi)
* Last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River.
* Gen. Grant unsuccessful with offensive attacks, decides to lay siege to city.

32. Siege of Vicksburg
* July 4, 1863 – a day that lives in infamy in the South.
* Accomplishes 2nd phase Anaconda Plan.

33. Anaconda Plan