1. Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophs Non-mobile
Plants
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotrophs
Non-mobile

2. Cells and tissues Tissues: Dermal: covers the plant
Vascular: transports water, food, etc.
Ground: photosynthesis, storage, and secretion
Meristematic: produces new plant cells

4. Organs:
Stems [B]
Leaves [E]
Roots [L]
Other labels
Flower [H]
Root Hairs [N]

5. Roots

6. Root Hairs [F]: extra surface area for absorption
Xylem
Phloem
Pericycle
Endodermis
Apical meristem
Root cap
Root Hairs [F]: extra surface area for absorption
Xylem [N]: up, water and minerals
Phloem [O]: down, food
Root Cap [A]: protection
Apical Meristem [D]: growth

7. About Roots Root cap tip of a root covering
apical meristem—site of growth
produces a slimy substance (lubricating oil), allowing the root to move more easily through the soil as it grows
Root hairs
extensions of epidermal cells
increase the surface area of the root
thus increases the plant’s ability to absorb water and minerals from the soil

8. Fibrous roots
Small branching roots
Grass
Taproots
Accumulate and store food
Carrots, trees, beets

9. Functions of the Root Anchor Growth at the meristem (tip) Absorption
water
minerals
Nutrients
Macronutrients—N and K
Micronutrients
Storage
Some roots also store carbohydrates or water.
Carbohydrates—converted to starch and stored
store large amounts of water (help plants survive during dry periods)

10. Stems

11. Apical Meristem [F]
Lateral Buds (meristems) [B]: Lateral growth
Node [C]: give rise to leaves and branches
Vascular tissue [M]
Xylem [N]
Phloem [O]

12. Support Above ground Woody stems (trees)
Secondary growth increase the diameter
Bark: Phloem and cork, protection

13. Transport XYLEM: transport nutrients and water
PHLOEM: transports carbohydrates, some plant hormones, and other organic compounds
Reminder:
Transpiration
Capillarity

17. Leaves

20. Leaf functions primary site of photosynthesis
use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make carbohydrates
also is used to synthesize amino acids/other organic molecules
limitation to photosynthesis is insufficient water due to transpiration
transpiration may benefit the plant by cooling it and by speeding the transport of mineral nutrients through the xylem

21. Cuticle [C]: waxy protective layer
Upper [D] & lower [E] epidermis
Stomata [F]: transpiration
Guard Cells [G]: control the size of the stoma
Chloroplast [K]: photosynthesis
Xylem [N]
Phloem [O]

22. Gas Exchange must balance
need to open their stomata to receive carbon dioxide and release oxygen
need to close their stomata to prevent water loss through transpiration
A stoma is bordered by two kidney-shaped guard cells
modified cells on the leaf epidermis that regulate gas and water exchange

24. Stomata and Guard Cells
Chapter 29
Stomata and Guard Cells

25. Control of Stomata Opening
Chapter 29
Control of Stomata Opening

26. Protection, climbing, food traps
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Anchor
Support
Photosynthesis
Absorb
Transport
Storage
Storage, growth
Protection, climbing, food traps