1. New Castle Sailing Club
02/21/13
New Castle Sailing Club
Knots &
Rules of the Road

2. Today’s Agenda Knots: Rules: Terms Basic knots and uses
02/21/13
Today’s Agenda
Knots:
Terms
Basic knots and uses
Practice, Practice, Practice!
Rules:
Why Rules?
Rules Sources:
Practical Rules
Coast Guard
Racing Rules

3. Knots Some Knot Types: Other Terms: Bend – joins two lines
02/21/13
Knots
Some Knot Types:
Bend – joins two lines
Hitch – attaches line to something
Stopper Knot – tied to the end to prevent fraying or passing of end through hole
Other Terms:
Bitter End – tail end of mooring line
Tail – short end, the part getting knotted
Standing End – the long end, the part not knotted
Flake – to lay rope neatly on deck ready for use

4. 02/21/13
Knots

5. 02/21/13
Why Rules?
Safety
Peace of Mind
Fairness in Racing

6. Which Rules? Practical Rules Coast Guard
02/21/13
Which Rules?
Practical Rules
Governed by “common sense”
Coast Guard
Based primarily on COLREG (1972)
Inland and International
International Sailing Federation
Governs the Sport of Sailing
RRS ( ) – revised every 3 years

7. Practical Rules Safety is most important Avoiding collision
02/21/13
Practical Rules
Safety is most important
Avoiding collision
NCSC strives to be courteous to all fellow sailors
Yielding to shipping traffic in the channel
Having rights doesn’t relieve you from responsibility of safety and collision avoidance

8. Coast Guard Rules – Any Condition of Visibility
02/21/13
Coast Guard Rules – Any Condition of Visibility
Lookout
maintain proper lookout at all times
Safe Speed
maintain a speed which allows proper action to avoid collision
Avoiding Collision
Positive Action
Apparent and Obvious Action
Made in Good Time
Narrow Channels
Sailing vessel shall not impede passage of vessel within narrow channel

9. Coast Guard Rules – In Sight of One Another
02/21/13
Coast Guard Rules – In Sight of One Another
Sail vs. Sail
Power vs. Sail
Power vs. Power
Similar to the ISF Rules:
Port / Starboard
Windward / Leeward
Clear-Ahead / Clear-Astern
Right-Of-Way Vessel Must Maintain a Steady Course
Power must give way to Sail, Except:
When the Sailboat Is Overtaking a Powerboat
When the Powerboat Is Unable To Maneuver
When the Powerboat Is engaged in Fishing With Nets Lines, Trawls or other fishing apparatus which restricts maneuverability
In a narrow channel or confined waterway which restricts the Powerboat’s Maneuverability
Two Powerboats approaching from opposite directions should pass port side to port side
When Two Powerboats are crossing, the vessel that has the other to its starboard side must keep clear
When One Powerboat is Overtaking Another, the Overtaking Powerboat must keep clear

10. The ISF Racing Rules (RRS)
02/21/13
The ISF Racing Rules (RRS)
Parts 1 – 7 contain rules that affect all competitors:
Part 1: Fundamental Rules
Part 2: When Boats Meet
Part 3: Conducting a Race
Part 4: Other Requirements When Racing
Part 5: Protests, Redress, Hearings, Misconduct and Appeals
Part 6: Entry and Qualification
Part 7: Race Organization
Appendices A – Q provide details of rules, rules that apply to particular kinds of racing, and rules that affect only a small number of the competitors or officials.
Definitions
Race Signals

11. Rules Changes for 2013 Definitions: Keep Clear Mark Room Room Rules:
02/21/13
Rules Changes for 2013
Definitions:
Keep Clear
Mark Room
Room
Rules:
room at the mark
tacking in the zone
20 - room to tack an obstruction
21 - exoneration

12. Part 1-The Fundamental Rules
02/21/13
Part 1-The Fundamental Rules
1 SAFETY
1.1 Helping Those in Danger
A boat or competitor shall give all possible help to any person or vessel in danger.
(Safety is first priority) 1.2 Life-Saving Equipment and Personal Flotation Devices
A boat shall carry adequate life-saving equipment for all persons on board, including one item ready for immediate use, unless her class rules make some other provision. Each competitor is individually responsible for wearing a personal flotation device adequate for the conditions.
(1 PFD for each + throwable)
2 FAIR SAILING
A boat and her owner shall compete in compliance with recognized principles of sportsmanship and fair play. A boat may be penalized under this rule only if it is clearly established that these principles have been violated. A disqualification under this rule shall not be excluded from the boat’s series score.
(sportsmanship and fair play)

13. Part 1-The Fundamental Rules
02/21/13
Part 1-The Fundamental Rules
3 ACCEPTANCE OF THE RULES
By participating in a race conducted under these racing rules, each competitor and boat owner agrees
(a) to be governed by the rules;
(b) to accept the penalties imposed and other action taken under the rules, subject to the appeal and review procedures provided in them, as the final determination of any matter arising under the rules; and
(c) with respect to any such determination, not to resort to any court of law or tribunal.
4 DECISION TO RACE
The responsibility for a boat’s decision to participate in a race or to continue racing is hers alone.
5 ANTI-DOPING
A competitor shall comply with the World Anti-Doping Code, the rules of the World Anti- Doping Agency, and ISAF Regulation 21, Anti-Doping Code. An alleged or actual breach of this rule shall be dealt with under Regulation 21. It shall not be grounds for a protest and rule 63.1 does not apply.

14. Part 2—When Boats Meet Part 2 is divided into four sections:
02/21/13
Part 2—When Boats Meet
Part 2 is divided into four sections:
Section A – Right of Way Defines the responsibilities of give-way boats
Section B – General Limitations Defines the limitations on all boats (right-of-way and give-way)
Section C – At Marks and Obstructions
Section D – Other Rules

15. But First....a few definitions
02/21/13
But First....a few definitions
Tack, Starboard or Port
A boat is on the tack, starboard or port, corresponding to her windward side.
Wind
Wind

16. But First....a few definitions
02/21/13
But First....a few definitions
Leeward and Windward
A boat’s leeward side is the side that is or, when she is head to wind, was away from the wind. However, when sailing by the lee or directly downwind, her leeward side is the side on which her mainsail lies. The other side is her windward side. When two boats on the same tack overlap, the one on the leeward side of the other is the leeward boat. The other is the windward boat.

17. But First....a few definitions
02/21/13
But First....a few definitions
Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap
One boat is clear astern of another when her hull and equipment in normal position are behind a line abeam from the aftermost point of the other boat’s hull and equipment in normal position. The other boat is clear ahead. They overlap when neither is clear astern. However, they also overlap when a boat between them overlaps both. These terms always apply to boats on the same tack. They do not apply to boats on opposite tacks unless rule 18 applies or both boats are sailing more than ninety degrees from the true wind.
Overlap – Rule 18 applies.
No overlap - Rule 18 does not apply.
A and B are Overlapped,
C is not overlapped with A or B because she is on the opposite tack.
Clear Astern – not overlapped.

18. But First....a few definitions
02/21/13
But First....a few definitions
Proper Course
A course a boat would sail to finish as soon as possible in the absence of the other boats referred to in the rule using the term. A boat has no proper course before her starting signal.
in the absence of other boats
no proper course before the start

19. But First....a few definitions
02/21/13
But First....a few definitions
Keep Clear
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat
(a) if the right-of-way boat can sail her course with no need to take avoiding action and,
(b) when the boats are overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also change course in both directions without immediately
making contact.

20. Part 2—When Boats Meet Section A – Right of Way:
02/21/13
Part 2—When Boats Meet
Section A – Right of Way:
Rule 10 – Opposite Tacks Port keeps clear of starboard
Rule 11 – Same tack, overlapped Windward keeps clear of leeward
Rule 12 – Same tack, not overlapped Clear astern keeps clear of clear ahead
Rule 13 – Changing tacks by tacking Boat tacking keeps clear of other boats

21. Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way
02/21/13
Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way
10 – ON OPPOSITE TACKS
When boats are on opposite tacks, a port- tack boat shall keep clear of a starboard tack boat.
Port is burdened
Starboard is RoW

22. Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way
02/21/13
Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way
11 – ON SAME TACK, OVERLAPPED
When boats are on the same tack and overlapped, a windward boat shall keep clear of a leeward boat.
Windward is burdened
Leeward is RoW

23. Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way
02/21/13
Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way
12 – ON SAME TACK, NOT OVERLAPPED
When boats are on the same tack and not overlapped, a boat clear astern shall keep clear of a boat clear ahead.
Clear Astern is burdened
Clear Ahead is RoW

24. Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way
02/21/13
Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way
13 – WHILE TACKING
After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other boats until she is on a close-hauled course.
During this time rules 10, 11, and 12 do not apply
If two boats are subject to this rule at the same time, the one on the others port side or the one astern shall keep clear.
Tacking boat is burdened

25. Part 2—When Boats Meet Section B – General Limitations
02/21/13
Part 2—When Boats Meet
Section B – General Limitations
Puts limits on the actions of the all boats including the right-of-way boats as well as the give-way boats:
Rule 14 – Avoiding Contact
Rule 15 – Acquiring Right of Way
Rule 16 – Changing Course
Rule 17 – On the Same Tack; Proper Course

26. Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations
02/21/13
Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations
14 – Avoiding Contact
Sailing is not a contact sport
Even the RoW boat shall avoid contact if reasonably possible
The RoW boat may be penalized if there is contact that causes damage or injury.
2013 revision of language exonerates RoW boat entitled to room or mark-room as long as there’s no damage or injury

27. At position #1 YELLOW is RoW
02/21/13
Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations
15 – ACQUIRING RIGHT OF WAY
When a boat acquires right of way, she shall initially give the other boat room to keep clear,
At position #1 YELLOW is RoW
At position #2,
Blue becomes RoW
YELLOW’s Responsibility at #2 – must keep clear
BLUE’s Limitation at #2 – must initially give room to keep clear

28. Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations
02/21/13
Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations
16 – CHANGING COURSE
16.1 When a RoW boat changes course, she shall give the other boat room to keep clear. x
16.2 In addition, when after the starting signal a port-tack boat is keeping clear by sailing to pass astern of a starboard-tack boat, the starboard-tack boat shall not change course if as a result the port-tack boat would immediately need to change course to continue keeping clear..

29. Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations
02/21/13
Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations
17 – ON THE SAME TACK; PROPER COURSE
If a boat clear astern becomes overlapped within two of her hull lengths to leeward of a boat on the same tack,
she shall not sail above her proper course while they remain on the same tack and overlapped within that distance, …

30. Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations
02/21/13
Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations
17 – ON THE SAME TACK; PROPER COURSE
If a boat clear astern becomes overlapped within two of her hull lengths to leeward of a boat on the same tack,
she shall not sail above her proper course while they remain on the same tack and overlapped within that distance, …
unless … she promptly sails astern of the other boat

31. Part 2 – Sections A&B Summary
02/21/13
Part 2 – Sections A&B Summary
Section A (Right-of-Way):
Rule 10 - Boats on Port must keep clear of boats on Starboard
Rule 11 - Windward boats must keep clear of Leeward boats
Rule 12 - Boats approaching from astern keep clear of boats ahead
Rule 13 - Boats changing tacks keep clear of boats on a tack
Section B (Limits and Responsibilities):
Rule 14 - All boats must avoid contact
Rule 15 - Boats acquiring RoW must give other boats time to respond
Rule 16 - RoW boats changing course must give other boats time to respond
Rule 17 - Boats overtaking others from astern don’t have luffing rights

32. Part 2—When Boats Meet Section C – At Marks and Obstructions
02/21/13
Part 2—When Boats Meet
Section C – At Marks and Obstructions
Section C rules do not apply at a starting mark surrounded by navigable water or at its anchor line from the time boats are approaching them to start until they have passed them.
Rule 18 – Mark Room
Rule 19 – Room to Pass an Obstruction
Rule 20 – Room to Tack at an Obstruction
Rule 21 – Exoneration

33. Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room When 18 Applies:
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room
When 18 Applies:
Both boats required to leave mark on same side, AND
At least one of them is in the Zone
When 18 Does Not Apply:
Between boats on opposite tacks on windward beat
Between boats on opposite tacks when proper course is for one of them to tack
Between a boat approaching a mark and one leaving
If the mark is a continuing obstruction

34. Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (a) – Overlapped at the Zone
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room
18.2 (a) – Overlapped at the Zone
When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room

35. Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (b) – Clear Ahead at the Zone
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room
18.2 (b) – Clear Ahead at the Zone
If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the
zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give
her mark-room.

36. Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (c) – Overlap Broken in the Zone
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room
18.2 (c) – Overlap Broken in the Zone
When a boat is required to give mark-room by rule 18.2(b),
(1) she shall continue to do so even if later an overlap is broken or a new overlap begins;
(2) if she becomes overlapped inside the boat entitled to mark-room, she shall also give that boat room to sail her proper course while they remain overlapped.
However, if the boat entitled to mark-room passes head to wind or leaves the zone, rule 18.2(b) ceases to apply.

37. Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (d) – Doubt
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room
18.2 (d) – Doubt
If there is reasonable doubt that a boat obtained or broke an overlap in time, it shall be presumed she did not.
Burden of proof lies with the person claiming overlap established or broken

38. Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (e) – Obtained Overlap
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room
18.2 (e) – Obtained Overlap
If a boat obtained an inside overlap from clear astern or by tacking to windward of the other boat and, from the time the overlap began, the outside boat has been unable to give mark room, she is not required to give it.
Need to consider if outside boat had room give at the time overlap is established

39. Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.3 – Tacking in the Zone
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room
18.3 – Tacking in the Zone
If a boat in the zone passes head to wind and is then on the same tack as a boat that is fetching the mark, rule 18.2 does not thereafter apply between them. The boat that changed tack:
(a) shall not cause the other boat to sail above close-hauled to avoid contact or prevent the other boat from passing the mark on the required side, and
(b) shall give mark-room if the other boat becomes overlapped inside her.
Limits rights for port tacker -- you better know you have room….

40. Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.4 – Gybing in the Zone
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room
18.4 – Gybing in the Zone
When an inside overlapped right-of-way boat must gybe at a mark to sail her proper course, until she gybes she shall sail no farther from
the mark than needed to sail that course. Rule 18.4 does not apply at a gate mark.
Intended to address the gybe mark
Proper course is to gybe to the next mark
Once gybed, rule turns off

41. 02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 18 Summary
Rule 18.1 – establishes 3 boat-length zone, approaching mark (with exceptions)
Rule 18.2 – inside overlapped boat gets room (with exceptions)
Rule 18.3 – boat tacking inside the zone must not cause boat fetching the mark to sail above close-hauled
Rule 18.4 – RoW boats gybing at the mark must sail proper course (not at gate)

42. Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction
When Rule 19 Applies:
At an obstruction that is not a mark of the course
At a continuing obstruction regardless of whether it is a mark

43. Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction
19.2 (a) – Giving Room at Obstruction
A right-of-way boat may choose to pass an obstruction on either side

44. Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction
19.2 (b) – Giving Room at Obstruction
When overlapped, the outside boat shall give the inside boat room between her and the obstruction

45. Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction
19.2 (c) – Giving Room at Obstruction
Continuing obstruction
Blue is clear astern and required to keep clear
The moment Blue overlaps Yellow, if there is not room for her to pass between Yellow and the obstruction, she is not entitled to room.
Br eakwater
Shore

46. Part 2C – Rule 20 – Room to Tack at Obstruction
02/21/13
Part 2C – Rule 20 – Room to Tack at Obstruction
Rule 20.1 – Hailing room to tack
Rule 20.2 – Responding to hail for room to tack
Rule 20.3 – Passing on hail to another boat