1. Changing Life in the Industrial Age

2. Cities Urbanization (movement of people to cities)
Caused by: changes in farming, population growth, and demand for workers
Cities were built around factories
The wealthy and middle class lived in pleasant neighborhoods far from the factories
Large numbers of poor struggled to survive by living in tenements
Multi-story buildings divided into crowded apartments
No running water, no sewage system…
Diseases spread rapidly

4. Factories
In factories, workers faced rigid schedules set by the factory.
Working hours were very long
Shifts lasted from hours
There were no safety devices in the machines
People might lose a finger, a limb, or their lives
Other dangers in the factories
Coal dust destroyed the lungs of miners
Those working with textiles breathed air filled with lint
If workers were sick or injured, they lost their jobs

5. Women Workers Employers often preferred to hire women workers than men
Thought women could adapt more easily to the machines and they were easier to manage
Also able to pay women less for the same work of a man
Family life was very difficult for women who worked in factories
Worked long hours and then had to come home to take care of their household

6. Child Workers Factories and mines also hired young boys and girls
Able to work easily with the machines
Could climb down mine-shafts and push coal carts
Children worked on the farms, so during the Industrial Revolution it was acceptable for children to work in factories
Employers often hired orphans
In the 1830s and 1840s, British lawmakers looked into abuses in factories and mines and discovered children as young as 5 working in factories, some died, some lost limbs, most were uneducated

8. The New Middle Class
The middle class benefitted the most from the Industrial Revolution
Some were merchants, some were skilled artisans, some managed factories
Lived in well-furnished homes away from the pollution of the factories
Heightened standard of living
Sons and some daughters were educated
Valued hard work and determination