1. Origins And Distribution of Elements
Organizing Matter

2. I can distinguish between pure substance, elements, and mixtures.
Objective
I can distinguish between pure substance, elements, and mixtures.

3. Chemistry
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes

4. Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass

5. What is Matter Made of?
Matter is composed of atoms and atoms make up molecules
Atoms: submicroscopic particles that are the main building blocks of matter
Molecules: two or more atoms joined together

6. How is Matter Organized?
Matter can be divided into two categories
Pure Substances
Mixtures

7. Pure Substances
Pure substance: composed of only one type of atom or molecule
Example: gold – all the atoms that compose gold are all gold atoms

8. Pure Substances Pure substances can be divided into two categories:
Elements
Compounds

9. Element: a substance that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and contains only one type of atom
All known elements are listed in the periodic table
Elements

10. Elements
Chemists use symbols of one or two letters to represent the elements
The first letter of the symbol is always capitalized the other letters are lowercase

11. Compounds
Compound: two or more different elements chemically bonded together
They can be broken down into simpler substances
Example: water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen
Compounds can be separated only by chemical means

12. How is matter organized?
Matter can be divided into two categories:
Pure Substances
Mixtures

13. Mixture
Mixture: a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities
Examples: soil and mixed bag of candies
A mixture can be created and then separated by physical means into pure components

14. Mixture Mixtures can be divided into 2 categories:
Heterogenous Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures

15. Mixture Heterogenous Mixture Homogeneous Mixture
Heterogenous mixture: the composition is not uniform
Example: bowl of cereal
Homogenous mixture: the composition of the mixture is the same throughout
Example: salt water, grape juice

16. The Properties of Matter
Properties: characteristics that distinguish one substance from another
Example Properties: color, melting point, boiling point
Different substances have unique properties

17. The Properties of Matter
Physical Property
Chemical Property
Physical property: a property that can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance
Odor, taste, hardness, texture, color
Example: water differs from ice only in its appearance, not composition
Chemical property: a property that must carry out a chemical change to be observed
Flammability, rusting, tarnishing
Example: burning hydrogen gas turns it into oxygen gas and water, after the chemical change the substance (hydrogen gas) will have vanished

18. The Properties of Matter
What is an example of a physical property of a candle?
What is an example of a chemical property of a candle?

19. Three States of Matter A change in state is a physical change
All substances can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas
A change in state is a physical change
States of matter differ in the distances between the molecules

20. Solid
The atoms or molecules are packed close to each other in fixed locations, can vibrate but do not move
Solids have a fixed volume

21. Liquid
The atoms or molecules are close to each other but they are free to move around
Liquids have a fixed volume

22. Gas Gas – molecules are separated by large distances
The large distances allow molecules to move
Because they are not in contact with one another they are compressible
Not a fixed volume