1. INSECT THORAX

2. Insect Thorax
- 3 segmented
Posterior
Anterior
Prothorax
Mesothorax
Metathorax
Pterothorax

3. Insect Thorax scutellum scutum tergum epimeron trochantin episternum
notum
Insect Thorax
pleuron
scutellum
scutum
sternum
tergum
epimeron
trochantin
episternum
sternellum
basisternum

4. notum
Insect Thorax
pleuron
sternum

5. Internal support in thorax
pleural ridge
pleural apophysis
sternopleural muscle
sternal apophysis
furca
Furca
Pleural/sternal apophysis
Apodemes

6. Thoracic Appendages - Legs
femur
tibia
tarsus
trochanter
pretarsus
coxa
tarsomeres

7. Insect Leg - Articulation
monocondylic
leg

8. Insect Leg - Articulation
monocondylic
trochantin
leg
leg

9. Insect Leg - Articulation
monocondylic
trochantin
dicondylic
leg
leg
leg
Decreasing mobility
Increasing strength

10. Thoracic Appendages - Legs
Modifications
Digging (Fossorial)
Mole cricket (Orthoptera:Gryllotalpidae)

11. Thoracic Appendages - Legs
Modifications
Saltatorial (jumping)
Migratory locust (Orthoptera: Locustidae)

12. Thoracic Appendages - Legs
Modifications
Natorial (swimming)
Predaceous diving beetle (Coleoptera:Dytiscidae)

13. Thoracic Appendages - Legs
Modifications
Pneustonic (water surface)
Whirlig beetle (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae)

14. Thoracic Appendages - Legs
Modifications
Apposition (grasping)

15. Thoracic Appendages - Legs
Modifications
Cursorial (running)
Tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Cicindellidae)

16. Thoracic Appendages - Legs
Modifications
Suction (mating pads)
Predaceous diving beetle (Coleoptera:Dytiscidae)

17. Thoracic Appendages - Wings
Development 1.
cuticle
haemocoel
Evagination of body wall
trachea
nerve 2.
cuticle
blood(hemolymph)
epidermis
vein

18. The Insect Wing costa subcosta radius jugal medial anal cubitus R MA
CuA A C RS MP
CuP J Sc

19. The Insect Wing
Wing modifications
Dragonfly (Odonata)
-archedictyon

20. Evolutionary Trends
1. Reduce number of cross veins = loss of weight
2. Fuse or lose longitudinal veins
3. Less sclerotization
4. Reduce fluting except on anterior

21. The Insect Wing
Wing folding

22. The Insect Wing
Wing folding
Melolontha

23. Wing Coupling
Paleoptera

24. Wing Coupling
frenulum
retinaculum
Frenate (Lepidoptera)
male
female

25. Wing Coupling
Hamuli (hooks)
Hamate (Hymenoptera)

26. Wing Coupling
Jugate (Lepidoptera)

27. Wing Coupling
Overlap (Lepidoptera)

28. The Insect Wing
Wing modifications
elytra
Elytra (Several Orders)

29. The Insect Wing
Wing modifications
Hemelytra (True Bugs - Hemiptera)

30. The Insect Wing
Wing modifications
Halteres

31. Next time
INSECT FLIGHT