1. Circulatory System
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

2. Components of the Circulatory System
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Blood and lymph

3. The Heart Hollow, muscular, double pump that circulates blood.
At rest = 2 oz. blood with each beat, 5 qts./min., 75 gallons/hour.
Average= 72 beats per minute.
100,000 beats/day
Size of a closed fist

4. Heart Weighs 12-13 oz Location – thoracic cavity
Apex – conical tip, lies on diaphragm, points left
Stethoscope instrument used to hear the heartbeat Heart sound is lub dub.

5. Heart functions circulates blood to all parts of the body
Arteries, veins, and capillaries take blood from heart to cells and return to heart
Carries O2 and nutrients to cells, carries away waste products.
Lymph system returns excess tissue fluid to general circulation.

6. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Layers of the heart
Pericardium: double layer of fibrous tissue
that surrounds the heart
Myocardium: cardiac muscle tissue
Septum
Septum: partition (wall) that
separates right half from left half.
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Endocardium: smooth inner lining of heart
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7. Heart
Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
Pulmonary artery takes deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs for O2 .
Pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium
Aorta takes oxygenated blood away from left ventricle to rest of body.

8. Chambers and Valves Upper chambers: Right and Left atrium
Lower chambers: right and left ventricle
the left ventricle wall is 3x as thick as the right ventricle wall and forms the apex of the heart.
Four heart valves permit flow of blood in one direction

9. Valves Tricuspid valve: between right atrium and right ventricle
Bicuspid (mitral) valve: between
left atrium and left ventricle
Semilunar valves: located where
blood leaves the heart
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar

10. Blood and oxygen supply to the heart is from the coronary arteries.
                                         

11. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Heart
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Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aortic semilunar valve
Pulmonary vein
Right atrium
Left atrium
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Septum
Apex
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12. Flow of blood through the body
Right side
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange
Left Side
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Body
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13. Conduction system of heart beats
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 13

14. Control of Heart Contractions
SA (sinoatrial) node:pacemaker of the heart.
Located in the right atrium of the heart.
sends out electrical impulse
Impulse spreads over the atria, making them contract
The impulse then travels to the AV node

15. AV (atrioventricular) Node
Conducting cell group
between atria and ventricle
Carries impulse to bundle of His

16. Bundle of His
Conducting fibers in the septum
Divides into R and L branches to network of branches in ventricles (Purkinje fibers)
Purkinje Fibers
Impulse shoots along Purkinje fibers causing the ventricles to contract.

17. Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
Device used to record the electrical activity of the heart
Systole=contraction phase
Diastole= relaxation phase
P=atrial contraction
QRS=ventricular contraction
T=ventricular relaxation
Holter monitor=24hr. EKG
Baseline of an EKG is a flat line

18. Interpretation of EKG  P wave=enlarged atrium or stenosed AV valve.
 Q wave= Myocardial infarction
 R wave= Enlarged ventricles
 T wave = K+ level too high

19. Major Blood Circuits General (systemic) circulation
Cardiopulmonary circulation

20. Circulation and Blood Vessels
Cardiopulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Arterioles
Venules
Heart and lungs
From the heart to the tissues and cells, then back to the heart
Smallest arteries
Smallest veins

21. Aorta: largest artery in the body
Systemic Circulation
Aorta: largest artery in the
body
First branch is coronary artery
Aortic arch
Many arteries branch off the descending aorta

22. Arteries Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries
Elastic, muscular and thick-walled
Transport blood under very high pressure
Arterial blood – lots of oxyhemoglobin = bright red, spurts
Arteries > arterioles > capillaries

23. Capillaries Smallest blood vessels, can only be seen with a microscope
Connect arterioles with venules
Walls are one-cell thick and extremely thin-allow for selective permeability of nutrients, oxygen, CO2 and metabolic wastes

24. Veins Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart
contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries
Thin walled, collapse easily when not filled with blood
Valves permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart
Jugular vein- located in the neck
Venous blood – lots of CO2, poor oxygen = dark crimson, oozes
Veins > Venules > Capillaries

25. Blood Pressure- is the surge of blood when the heart pumps creating pressure against the walls of the arteries.
Systolic Pressure
Diastolic Pressure
Measured during the contraction phase
Measured when the ventricles are relaxed
Normal average systolic pressure= 120
Normal average diastolic pressure =80

26. Pulse alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it.
Pulse sites
Temporal
External maxillary
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior Tibial
Pedal

27. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Common pulse sites
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