1. Internet at 100 Megabits per Second: Now it Gets Interesting
Capital PC Users Group
Greg Wood Director of Communications, Internet2
11 February 2002

2. Success of the Internet
Millions of People
Source: Nua Internet Surveys
12/7/2018

3. Today’s Internet
Dialup Internet access dominant in the home and small business
Web, and IM common applications
.Com crash eclipses the promise of the Internet
TechNet and Computer Systems Policy Project call for 100 megabit Internet service to the home
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4. Today’s Internet Doesn’t
Provide reliable end-to-end performance
Encourage cooperation on new capabilities
Allow testing of new technologies
Support development of revolutionary applications
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5. The Internet and Innovation
Lesson of the Web: unanticipated innovation
Network growth and value are non- linear
New technologies enable qualitatively different uses
Users become innovators
Network traffic is still doubling every year
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6. Internet2 Mission and Goals
Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet.
Enable new generation of applications
Re-create leading edge R&E network capability
Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet
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7. Internet2 Universities 190 Universities as of January 2002
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8. Internet2 Corporate Partners
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9. Additional Membership
Over 70 Internet2 Corporate Members
Over 40 Affiliate Members
Government Research Agencies
National Institutes of Health
National Science Foundation
NASA
NOAA
USGS (Earth Resources Observations Systems)
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10. International MoU Partners
Europe-Middle East
ARNES (Slovenia)
BELNET (Belgium)
CARNET (Croatia)
CESnet (Czech Republic)
DANTE (Europe)
DFN-Verein (Germany)
GIP RENATER (France)
GRNET (Greece)
HEAnet (Ireland)
HUNGARNET (Hungary)
INFN-GARR (Italy)
Israel-IUCC (Israel)
NORDUnet (Nordic Countries)
POL-34 (Poland)
RCCN (Portugal)
RedIRIS (Spain)
RESTENA (Luxembourg)
Stichting SURF (Netherlands)
SWITCH (Switzerland)
TERENA (Europe)
JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom)
Asia-Pacific
AAIREP (Australia)
APAN (Asia-Pacific)
APAN-KR (Korea)
APRU (Asia-Pacific)
CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET (China)
JAIRC (Japan)
JUCC (Hong Kong)
NECTEC / UNINET (Thailand)
SingAREN (Singapore)
TAnet2 (Taiwan)
Americas
CANARIE (Canada)
CUDI (Mexico)
REUNA (Chile)
RETINA (Argentina)
RNP2 (Brazil)
SENACYT (Panama)
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11. Work of Internet2 Member-focused Member-led
Supported by core central staff
In concert with Federal, state, and regional initiatives
Coordinated with other organizations in networking (IETF, Educause, ISOC)
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12. Internet2 Backbone Network: Abilene
2.4 gigabits per second (Gbps)
207 Internet2 member institutions in 50 states, District of Columbia, & Puerto Rico
Over 3 million potential users
Sponsored participation
37 individual institutions
18 state education networks
Upgrading to 10 Gbps
12/7/2018

13. Extending Availability: State Educational Networks
Internet2 members sponsor Abilene participation
Currently 18 State-based education networks
Enables collaboration using advanced networking for K20, museums, libraries, etc
Additional regional and state investment
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14. Typical Internet2 University Network Connection
Internet2 Backbones 2.4 Gbps-10 Gbps
University Campus
University Campus
155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps
Department
155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps
100 Mbps
Regional Network 622 Mbps-2.4 Gbps
Lab or Classroom
155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps
University Campus
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15. Network Video Bandwidth Requirements
Video Quality
Bandwidth
Typical Internet webcast
33.6 kilobits
Current broadband video
kilobits per second
TV-Quality Video (H.323 & MPEG-1)
768 kilobits-1.5 megabits per second
DVD-quality Video (MPEG-2)
5 megabits per second
Compressed HDTV (consumer)
20-30 megabits per second
Uncompressed HDTV
1.5 gigabits per second
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16. Attempt to Chart Video Bandwidth Requirements
Megabits per Second
Source: Nua Internet Surveys
12/7/2018

17. Advanced Network Applications
High Definition Television/IP
Raw HDTV/IP 1.5 Gbps
University of Washington
Tektronix
ISI/USC
DARPA
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18. Advanced Network Applications
Collaboration
Recording Studio that Spans a Continent
McGill University
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19. Advanced Network Applications
Distance Education
Master music classes
University of Oklahoma
Columbia University
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20. Advanced Network Applications
Remote Access to Scientific Instruments
Mauna Kea Observatories
AURA
University of Hawaii/NSF
12/7/2018

21. Advanced Network Applications
Tele-medicine
Distributed Real-time, 3-D MRI
NSF/Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center
Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago
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22. Advanced Network Applications
Virtual Laboratories
Real-Time Tele-Operation of Remote Equipment
North Carolina State University
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23. Advanced Network Applications
Tele-immersion
Office of the Future
NSF
Access Grid
Alliance
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24. Middleware
Increasingly important as resources and services are network-centric
Network-based services supporting applications
Authentication
Identification
Authorization
Billing
Directories
Commercial efforts
Microsoft’s .NET
Liberty Alliance
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25. Summary of Current Status
High-performance networking deployed among over 200 universities and labs
Multicast broadly implemented
Individual advanced applications
Growing use among 3 million potential users
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26. Next Steps in Advanced Networking
Implement IPv6
Deploy middleware
Ensure end-to-end performance
Explore optical technologies
New types of transport technologies
All-optical switching
Potential for another 10x leap in bandwidth
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27. GigaBand Requirements vs. Current Broadband Technology
GigaBand Requires
Current Broadband
At least 100 Mbps 7/24/365
Less than 1 Mbps-10 Mbps
Equal capacity upstream and downstream
Unequal upstream and downstream capacity
End-to-End Architecture
Impediments to end-to-end architecture (Firewalls, NATs, Filtering, etc.)
Network-wide standards compliant authentication & security
Site-specific non-standard authentication & security
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28. Last Mile Options for GigaBand
Phone lines
Twisted pair doesn’t have sufficient capacity without fiber distribution to the curb
Cable TV
Current ‘channelization’ won’t support GigaBand
Restructured architecture could provide gigabit service
Wireless
Current licensed/unlicensed spectrum insufficient
Massive spectrum reallocation required for needed capacity
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29. Performance Implications for the PC
Network Interface Card
Internal Hardware Performance
Operating System
Applications
Display and input devices
Individual applications require customized end-devices
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30. Internet Development Spiral
Commercialization
Privatization
Today’s Internet
Internet2
Research and
Development
Partnerships
12/7/2018
Source: Ivan Moura Campos

31. More Information About Internet2
Greg Wood
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12/7/2018