1. Chapter 5.4
The Kingdom of Kush

2. 6.16 Investigate the kinds of evidence used by archaeologists and historians to draw conclusions about the social and economic characteristics of Ancient Nubia (the Kingdom of Kush) and their relationship to the social and economic characteristics of Ancient Egypt. (C, E, G, H, P)
6.21 Identify the location of the Kush civilization and describe its political, commercial, and cultural relationship with Egypt. (C, E, G, H, P)

3. The Nubians Nubia (later known as Kush) Located in Africa
South of Egypt
In present day Sudan

4. The Nubians Cattle herders were the first to settle
Herded long-horned cattle on the savannas
Later, people settled in farming villages along the Nile

5. The Nubians
Nubians did NOT rely on the Nile floods to create fertile soil
Their land had fertile soil and received rainfall all year long
Farmers grew beans, yams, rice, and rains.
Hunters and warriors excelled at using the bow and arrow

6. The Rise of Kerma
Stronger Nubian villages took over weaker ones and formed the kingdom of Kerma
Nubians of Kerma grew wealthy from agriculture and the mining of gold
Developed a relationship with Egypt
Kerma was a trade link between Egypt and Southern Africa

7. The Rise of Kerma
Egyptians acquired cattle, gold, incense, ivory, giraffes, leopards, and enslaved people
Egyptians hired Nubians to serve in their armies
Kerma’s artisans produced pottery, jewelry, and metal goods

8. The Rise of Kerma Kerma kings had smaller tombs than Egyptian tombs
Buried with personal belongings
Including gems, gold, jewelry, and pottery

9. Egyptian Invasion Egyptian armies invaded Nubia in 1400 B.C.
Egypt conquered Kerma after a 50 year war
Egypt ruled Kerma for 700 years

10. Cultural Diffusion Nubians adopted Egyptian culture
Worshipped Egyptian gods
Learned to use copper and bronze
Adapted hieroglyphics to fix their language
Created an alphabet

11. The Kushite Kingdom
Nubians broke away from Egyptian rule during the Middle Kingdom

12. The Rise of Kush Nubians formed Kush Capital was Napata
Located where trade caravans crossed the upper Nile River
Trade brought wealth to Kush

13. Kush Conquers Egypt Kushite king Piye conquers Egypt in 728 B.C.
Founded the 25th dynasty
Governed Egypt and Kush from Napata

14. Using Iron Kush ruled Egypt for 60 years Assyrians invaded Egypt
Armed with iron weapons
The Assyrians defeated Kush
Kushites returned to their homeland
Kushites learned how to create iron tools and weapons and boosted their military strength

15. The Capital of Meroe Kush rulers moved capital to Meroe
Near one of the Nile’s cataracts
Iron ore deposits made Meroe a major center for iron production as a trading city

16. A Trading Center Kush remained a great trading kingdom for 600 years
Axum emerged in present day Ethiopia
Gained strength from its location on Red Sea
Served as a trading center from Mediterranean and East African worlds
Armies of Axum invaded Kush and destroyed
Meroe