1. States of Matter
Standard: Students know that in solids, the atoms are closely locked in position and can only vibrate. In liquids the atoms and molecules are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another. In gases, the atoms and molecules are free to move independently colliding frequently. Students know that compounds are formed by combining two or more elements and that compounds have properties that are different from original elements. Students know the structure of the atom & that an atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Students know each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus, the atomic number, and each isotope of the element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus.

2. Students know the structure of the atom & that an atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Isotopes

3. Atom Force of attraction allows for bonding Electron – charge
Smallest particle of matter
Structure
Nucleus
Proton + charge
Mass
Atomic #
Neutron
No charge
Electron – charge
Orbits nucleus
Force of attraction allows for bonding
Molecules
Compounds

4. Atomic # = # protons in element or atom
Students know each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus, the atomic number, and each isotope of the element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic # = # protons in element or atom
Atomic Mass= amu
total # of protons & neutrons
Isotopes: diff. mass # , but same atomic number

5. Students know that compounds are formed by combining two or more elements and that compounds have properties that are different from original elements.
Elements
Compounds
Pure substance
Simplest substance/matter
Not broken down by physical or chemical means
92 naturally occurring on Earth
Found on Periodic Table
Aka atoms
Bond due to attraction between electrons and protons of diff. atoms
Made up of Elements
Specific ratio
Chemical formula
H2O
2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom
New properties
New substance

6. Properties of matter Physical Chemical Change of state
Texture
Color
Hardness
Density
Flexibility
Melting point
Luster
Conduct
Heat
Electricity
Dissolves
Flammability (burn)
Ability to react
New
Substance
properties

7. Matter comes in three phases or states
Phases of matter
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
Solid- vibrate only
Add heat, increase molecular movement (change state)
Liquid- slowly move past each other and collide
Add heat, molecular speed increases (change state)
Gas- collide frequently, move in all directions
Add heat, increase molecular movement, expands

8. Students know the states of matter
A. Solids
Definite shape and volume
Particles packed closely together
Tightly fixed in one position
Particles can only vibrate
Types
Crystalline Solids
Amorphous Solids

9. Students know the states of matter
Liquids:
Definite volume, no shape
Particles packed close, but move freely
Particles can collide and move past one another
Fluid or substance that flows

10. Students know the states of matter
Properties of Liquids
Surface tension: inward pull of molecules near the surface to be closely packed together
Viscosity: resistance to flow or movement
High viscosity: slow movement
Low viscosity: move fast
Have you ever mixed Kool-Aid with water?

11. Students know states of matter
Gases
What effect does pressure have on molecules?
Type of fluid
Change volume easily
Particles squeezed together or spread apart
Particles move in all directions
No shape
No volume
More energy
More motion

12. Can you illustrate the molecular motion of matter?
Gas or Solid?
Matter Song

13. Students know heat is absorbed or released to change state.
Changes between Solids & Liquids
Change in thermal energy = change in molecular motion
Particles vibrate enough to break free of position
Liquids contain more thermal energy than solids
Melting occurs due to temperature
Changes with air pressure
Freezing: molecules slow in motion and become fixed in a position
Physical Changes: melting & freezing

14. Changes between Liquid &Gas
Condensation
Reverse of vaporization
Warm air meets a cool surface
Loss of thermal energy
Motion of particles decreases
Physical change
reversible
Vaporization
Particles in liquid gain energy to form gas
Examples: evaporation or boiling
Evaporation
Only occurs at surface
Boiling
Occurs below and at surface
Forms bubbles that rise and move to surface
Boiling point= T° at which liquid boils
Changes with air pressure

15. Any Questions?