1. Two types of government workers –
Bureaucracy
Two types of government workers –
CAREER CIVIL SERVANTS
POLITICAL APPOINTEES

2. Classic definition of bureaucracy
MAX WEBER-
1. fixed jurisdictional areas
2. Hierarchy of authority
3. Written documents and general rules
4. Expertise

3. Main problems with bureaucracies
Accountability – not elected
Expansionary tendencies
Bureaucratic discretion
One issue: Americans want bureaucracy to achieve sometimes conflicting goals:
Accountability, equity, responsiveness, efficiency, fiscal integrity

4. Defense of bureaucrats
“Red tape” – meaning words, procedures, obstacles to getting things done. But this serves a purpose… Bur. Procedures so cumbersome because Americans value fairness and due process of law –
Administrative Procedures Act 1946 requires bureaucracies to make all regulations public, must hold hearings before setting new rules, must allow interested/affected parties to participate in the rule making process, must permit appeal of agency actions.

5. Reforms of bureaucracy
Deregulation
Privatization