1. Using Epigenetic Reprogramming to Treat Pediatric Brain Cancer
Milan G. Chheda, David H. Gutmann 
Cancer Cell 
Volume 31, Issue 5, Pages (May 2017)
DOI: /j.ccell
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2. Figure 1 Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression in the Brain
Within the normal developing and adult brain, and in the context of disease, increased neuronal activity, as well as the elaboration of a plethora of chemokines, inflammatory mediators, and growth factors produced by monocytes (macrophages and microglia), endothelial cells, and activated astrocytes, each have the capacity to elicit chromatin remodeling. This remodeling can occur through histone modifications (e.g., methylation or acetylation), which are controlled by PRC/BRG1 and HDAC/HAT activities, respectively. In addition, transcriptional regulation is mediated by the RNAPII complex, which is in turn modified by BRD4- and CDK7-induced phosphorylation. Each of these modifications can alter the capacity of transcription factors (TFs) to function. The sum total of these changes leads to transcriptional reprogramming essential for cellular specification during normal brain development. Changes in transcriptional profiles through epigenetic reprogramming, created by mutations in the same regulatory molecules that specify normal brain development, could conceivably provide a cellular state permissive for tumorigenesis, particularly in the setting of brain-cancer-associated genetic mutations. Ac, acetylation; GRPs, glial-restricted progenitors; Me, methylation; NSCs, neural stem cells; TFs, transcription factors. This figure was generated by Dr. Corina Anastasaki (Washington University).
Cancer Cell  , DOI: ( /j.ccell )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions